Solidified Structure Refinement of H13 Tool Steel under a Multi-Rotational Speed Super Gravity Field

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of a super-gravity field with multi-rotational speeds on the grain refinement and tensile properties of as-cast H13 steel were investigated systematically. The experimental results showed that compared to the single-rotational speed (conventional) super-gravity field, the as-cast grains of H13 steel can be significantly refined in a multi-rotational speed (speed increased in stages) super-gravity field. In the conventional super-gravity field, with the decrease in rotational radius, the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and the prior austenite grain size (PAGS) increase, and the maximum values of SDAS and PAGS are 90 and 55 µm, respectively, while in multi-speed super-gravity fields, at the range of increasing rotational speeds, SDAS and PAGS decrease as the rotational radius decreases. In the three-rotational speed super-gravity field, the maximum values of SDAS and PAGS are 80 µm and 50 µm. In the five-rotational speed super-gravity field, the maximum values of SDAS and PAGS are reduced to 58 µm and 34 µm. Accordingly, both the tensile strength and the plasticity are enhanced when increasing the number of rotational speeds in the super-gravity field, especially for the inner position of the super-gravity sample. The ultimate tensile strengths at outer, middle, and inner positions of H13 steel solidified in the conventional super-gravity field are 1445 MPa, 1378 MPa, and 1023 MPa, corresponding to elongations of 2, 1.5, and 0.5%, respectively, while in the five-rotational speed super-gravity field, they are 1408, 1443, and 1453 MPa, corresponding to elongations of 1.8, 3.9, and 2.2%, respectively. The mechanism for the grain refinement is that multi-speed super-gravity can reduce the critical nucleation work of austenite and the tangential force produced by increasing the rotational speed break dendrites at the solidification front, refining the solidified structure.

Enhancement of Wear Resistance on H13 Tool and Die Steels by Trace Nanoparticles

“…Recent studies have found that nanoparticles can not only nucleate and refine the solidification microstructures of an alloy [35][36][37][38], but also increase the strength and toughness of alloys [39][40][41][42][43]. Nanoparticles have a strong effect of microstructure refinement [44][45][46].…”