Solidification/stabilization of lead-zinc smelting slag in composite based geopolymer

Xia, Ming; Muhammad, Faheem; Zeng, Linghao; Li, Shan; Huang, Xianghua; Jiao, Binquan; Shiau, Yan-Chyuan; Li, Dongwei

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.265

Cited by 143 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Possibly this has been easily leached due to low Si/ Al ratio in the ZS derived geopolymer network. However, both blended geopolymer matrix meets the US-EPA 1311 standard of heavy metal leaching limits, but FA plays an important role on immobilization by forming geopolymer with Si/Al ∼1.6 and to mitigate the leaching of toxic metals, agrees with other reported researches (Alex et al, 2013;Kumar and Kumar, 2013;Xia et al, 2019). The leaching of heavy/toxic metals from geopolymer matrix is strongly depended on nature of metal cation and characteristics of leaching solution for instance, Cd, Cr and Pb is immobilized effectively by chemical retention with geopolymer network former (Zhang et al, 2007(Zhang et al, , 2008Izquierdo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Production and Testing Of Paver Samplessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…It is defined as a class of binder material containing -Si-O-Al-bond in a tri-dimensional network structure, formed by the interaction of alkaline solution with a powder source containing Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 such as calcined clay, fly ash, blast furnace slag, silico-manganese slag, Pb-Zn slag, red mud, mining waste etc. (Davidovits, 1989;Ma et al, 2012;Onisei et al, 2012;Kumar and Kumar, 2013;Yun-Ming et al, 2016;Kiventera et al, 2018;Millán-Corrales et al, 2018;Nath and Kumar, 2019a;Xia et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proper disposal and effective utilization of hazardous waste has become a major challenge to the industry, due to stringent environment protection rules and regulations by the administration. Geopolymer technology provides a sustainable solution towards waste utilization, pollution mitigation and resource conservation by using waste materials as precursor (Fernández-Jiménez and Palomo, 2003;Onisei et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017;Koplík et al, 2018;Nie et al, 2019;Xia et al, 2019). As a result, a huge number of industrial byproducts and wastes have been examined for solidification/stabilization through geopolymer technology (Xu et al, 2014;Nazari and Sanjayan, 2015;Djobo et al, 2016;Lirer et al, 2017;Kiventera et al, 2018;Koplík et al, 2018;Nath, 2018;Hassan et al, 2019;Luhar et al, 2019;Nie et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZS also contains heavy and toxic elements such as Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ag, As, Ba, Cu etc. (Alex et al, 2013;Hu et al, 2014;Xia et al, 2019), which limits its utilization as building materials for chances of leaching. Geopolymer has the potential to immobilize heavy and toxic metal but deficiency in AlO 4unit can reduce its efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Nath

2020

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The potential for practical application of fly ash, zinc slag and their blends for geopolymer synthesis at ambient temperature have been investigated in this paper. Fly ash is an alumino-silicate byproduct suitable for geopolymer reaction, but its low reactivity at ambient condition is the restriction of its bulk utilization. Above limitation can be overcome by blending with zinc slag (ZS). Additionally, ZS contains heavy and toxic metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As), which can be stabilize in Al-Si based geopolymer network structure. Isothermal conduction calorimetry (ICC) is used to monitor the geopolymer reaction with time. Slag rich specimens are characterized with higher rate of reaction with augmented peak. The mineralogy and microstructure of the geopolymers have been examined through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The detected chief reaction product is N-(C)-AS -H and C-(N)-AS -H 1 type hydrated gel. Continual improvement of compressive strength of the geopolymers with increasing slag content is explained with higher degree of reaction, formation of more reaction products and development of compact microstructure. According to toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), toxic metals leaching is within permissible limit. Paver blocks using 40−80 wt% ZS has been developed, which meets IS 15,658: 2006 standard and comply with US-EPA specification.

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Section: Production and Testing Of Paver Samplessupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Nath

2020

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Raw materials rich in silica and alumina, including bricks, ceramic waste, metakaolin, fly ash, kaolin and slag can be used for the production of IPs [2,12]. Apart from the construction sector, the produced IPs may be used for the immobilization of hazardous elements or as adsorbents in various industrial processes [13][14][15][16][17]. The properties of the produced IPs may be determined by the use of various analytical techniques [3,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Inorganic Polymers Produced from Brick Waste and Metallurgical Slag

et al. 2019

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This paper explores the alkali activation potential of brick wastes and metallurgical slags. Inorganic polymers (IPs) were produced using an alkaline medium consisting of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions and the optimum synthesis conditions were determined. In this context, the variable parameters, such as solid to liquid (S/L) ratio, curing temperature (60, 80 and 90 °C) and ageing time (7 and 28 days) on the compressive strength and the morphology of the produced IPs were investigated. Specimens produced under the optimum synthesis conditions were subjected to high temperature firing and immersed in distilled water and acidic solutions for various periods of time, in order to assess their durability and structural integrity. The results showed that the IPs produced using a mix ratio of 50 wt % metallurgical slag and 50 wt % brick wastes, cured at 90 °C and aged for 7 days obtained the highest compressive strength (48.9 MPa). X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mineralogical analysis (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis also confirmed the optimum microstructural characteristics and the chemical reactions that took place during synthesis. The overall results of this study indicate that the co-valorization of different waste streams, which are produced in large quantities and cause environmental problems if not properly managed, is a viable alternative for the production of binders or secondary construction materials with higher added value.

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A Review of Research on the Treatment of Metallic Pollution by Using a Green Construction Material

Imad

Ammari

Laïla

2020

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Solidification/stabilization of lead-zinc smelting slag in composite based geopolymer

Cited by 143 publications

References 60 publications

Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Properties of Inorganic Polymers Produced from Brick Waste and Metallurgical Slag

A Review of Research on the Treatment of Metallic Pollution by Using a Green Construction Material

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