Solidification of glass in molding (a review)

Guloyan, Yu. A.

doi:10.1007/s10717-005-0001-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The effect of the main glass composition on the solidification rate depends on the effect of individual oxides on glass viscosity [3]. Obviously (Fig.…”

Section: Efficiency Of Selecting Container Glass Composition 311mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, lime glass compositions have higher chemical resistance and, accordingly, comply with the principle of proportionality, i.e., ensuring an optimal balance between the working and service characteristics, which is a topical principle [3].…”

Section: Efficiency Of Selecting Container Glass Composition 311mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, taking into account the rather wide safe glass-forming interval (Dt = t liq -t form ), which for droplet feed is more than 100°C, the increase in the liquidus temperature by 15 -20°C does not present the risk of crystallization. It is noted in [3] that the intensification of glass melting and glass melt preparation and the development of high-speed glass-forming machines have somewhat modified the requirements to glass composition and have practically eliminated the problem of crystallization.…”

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Efficiency of Selecting Container Glass Composition

Zhernovaya

Onishchuk

2005

Glass Ceram

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The analysis of the efficiency of sectional glass-forming machines identifies technological reserves existing in the domestic production of glass containers. Comparative analysis of the physicochemical, technological, and working properties of alternative clear glass compositions for containers glass is performed and demonstrates the advantages of high-calcium compositions. The ways for making use of theses advantages to raise the efficiency of container glass production are proposed.The glass container industry in Russia is expanding capacities for glass bottle production. The introduction of additional production lines and factories has significantly decreased the disparity between offer and demand on this market which is constantly offered new types of products.The requirements from the side of food and liquor companies imposed on the quality of glass containers have lately substantially grown. Therefore, the deciding factors in producing high-quality products made of clear and tinted glass include the optimization and strict compliance with technological regulations at all process stages, consideration of melting and firing specifics (redox potential of material, batch, and glass melt, chemical composition of glass, effect of impurities and small additives, quality of cullet, etc.). At the same time, the domestic glass container manufacturers not always can solve quality and design problems, therefore, producers of drinks often have to look for foreign bottle suppliers, especially for premium product.The discrepancy between domestic glass product and the European quality standard to a large extent is due to an imperfect technological process. Contemporary domestic factories use machinery produced by world leaders such as Emhart, Bottero, and BDF, which has high efficiency and product quality potential. The degree of implementation of machinery potential depends on the existing level of the production process.The most objective information on performance of each production facility compared with other factories can be obtained from the analysis of machinery efficiency provided by the Emhart Company [1]. Participants in the machinery analysis project send production parameters from their factories to the Emhart who processes and compares data and circulates processed results to the customers. Based on the data in [1, 2], we have constructed diagrams of the efficiency of sectional automated machines (Fig. 1). The real parameters of machine performance achieved at different companies in the form of a variance of a number of cuts per minute are indicated on the background of the curve indicating the declared efficiency of automatic machines.The difference in machine efficiency is quite obvious. Thus, for making bottles weighing 300 g the number of cuts varies from 8 to 11 per min. It is easy to calculate that reaching the top efficiency on a 10-section machine with the double-drop feed is equivalent to an additional production of 8.5 thousand units per day, or over 3 millions units per year. Obviously, there is a ...

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“…The effect of the main glass composition on the solidification rate depends on the effect of individual oxides on glass viscosity [3]. Obviously (Fig.…”

Section: Efficiency Of Selecting Container Glass Composition 311mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Efficiency Of Selecting Container Glass Composition 311mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of Selecting Container Glass Composition

Zhernovaya

Onishchuk

2005

Glass Ceram

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“…Its content up to 0.5% has little effect on the refractive index, dispersion, CLTE, viscosity, or chemical resistance, but has a perceptible effect on the spectral characteristics and diathermancy of glass [1,2]. Iron in glass exists in several valence and coordination forms [3].…”

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The effect of equilibrium of heterovalent forms of iron on melting temperature and glass homogeneity in industrial production

Atkarskaya

Kiyan

2006

Glass Ceram

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“…As a rule, published works on the kinetics of glass solidification describe qualitative results of experiments related to different diathermancy of glasses determined by introduction of colorants [1]. The new concept of glass solidification is based on fundamental principles of physics and chemistry of melts and solids, taking into account the vitreous state and the factors of surface and volumetric interactions in glass technology processes [2].…”

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On the theory of glass solidification

Guloyan

2004

Glass Ceram

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The process of glass solidification is analyzed in the context of the fundamental principles of physicochemical kinetics. The concept of the emergence of "solidification seeds", formation of "solidification layers" and their migration into the glass volume are discussed. It is demonstrated that the level of diathermancy of tinted glasses can characterize the force of the interaction between the colorant complexes and the main silicon-oxygen elements in glass and, consequently, can influence viscosity variation in solidifying. The proposed theoretical principles agree well with experimental and industrial data.The critical factor in molding glass articles is the glass solidification rate, which depends on the combination of viscosity variation depending on temperature and temperature variation in time. As a rule, published works on the kinetics of glass solidification describe qualitative results of experiments related to different diathermancy of glasses determined by introduction of colorants [1]. The new concept of glass solidification is based on fundamental principles of physics and chemistry of melts and solids, taking into account the vitreous state and the factors of surface and volumetric interactions in glass technology processes [2].Cooling and solidification of a highly viscous glass melt in the formation of glass articles proceed due to a complex heat exchange with the ambient medium with participation of thermal conductance and radiation. One should bear in mind the following specifics of industrial glass molding:-highly viscous glass melt delivered for molding is not totally homogeneous chemically, thermally, and optically; -cooling of glass melt is nonuniform; this is especially true of processes involving molds where a highly viscous glass melt contacts a heat-removing surface at a limited number of points;-cooling and solidification of glass melt starts from the surface and extends into the glass volume;.Taking into account the above specifics of glass melt cooling, it can be assumed that viscosity variations are likely to be fragmentary, both on the surface (fast process) and inside the volume (slow process).The results of the study in [3] demonstrated that a granular structure is registered in glass in forming, with a "grain" size of 4 -8 mm, parallel to the mold surfaces. The crosssection of molded articles (perpendicular to the mold surfaces) has a laminar structure with layer thickness of 2 -4 mm. Thus, the glass solidification process in molding can be represented in two stages:-emergence of "solidification seeds" (local areas of glass with increased viscosity) and the formation of a "solidification layer"; -expansion of the "solidification layer" into the volume of glass.The formation of "solidification seeds" is governed by probabilistic processes; the theoretical principles of these processes are formulated in the works of A. N. Kolmogorov (1937), M. Avramy (1939), and B. V. Erofeev (1950. According to the basic principles of these studies, the solidification rate (viscosity variation w...

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Solidification of glass in molding (a review)

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Efficiency of Selecting Container Glass Composition

Efficiency of Selecting Container Glass Composition

The effect of equilibrium of heterovalent forms of iron on melting temperature and glass homogeneity in industrial production

On the theory of glass solidification

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