Solidification cracking in duplex stainless steel flux-cored arc welds Part 1—cracking in 30-mm-thick material welded under high restraint

Westin, Elin M.; Putz, A.; Maderthoner, Andrea; Pilhagen, Johan

doi:10.1007/s40194-022-01370-w

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Bend testing of the cap or root seldom result in failures. Although sidewall bend tests can fail due to larger solidi cation cracks in the weld metal, this phenomenon is rare in duplex stainless steel weldments [103].…”

Section: Ht-haz Properties and Relevance Of Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of methods for simulation of heat-affected zones in duplex stainless steels

WESTIN,

WESTERBERG

2023

Preprint

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The weldability of duplex stainless steels partly depends on the ferritization of the high temperature heat-affected zone (HT-HAZ). This area is rather narrow, and it can be challenging to visualize and determine its actual impact on the properties. To address this, various methods were applied to study the grain growth and austenite reformation in the HT-HAZ of the lean duplex grade UNS S32101. Thermo-mechanical Gleeble® simulations were conducted at 1360°C with different holding times and cooling rates. Subsequently, the grain size and ferrite content were measured on polished and etched cross-sections. Bead-on-plate welds were performed on the same heat of 6 mm plate thickness using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The shielding gas was Ar + 0–8% N2 to illustrate which effect nitrogen additions would have on the HT-HAZ morphology. The arc was either stationary, welding at one spot for 0.5–120 s, or travelling at different speeds to generate varying heat inputs. The thermo-mechanical simulations came closest to the results obtained by travelling arc welding and allowed for a more comprehensive investigation. Stationary arc welding was not suitable for HT-HAZ studies as it quickly caused nitrogen depletion and resulted in significantly higher ferrite contents compared to the travelling arc welds.

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Section: Ht-haz Properties and Relevance Of Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of methods for simulation of heat-affected zones in duplex stainless steels

WESTIN,

WESTERBERG

2023

Preprint

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“…Further, SDSS is a dual phase stainless steel composed of austenite and ferrite, which causes various issues regarding heat treatment, such as high-temperature cracking due to phase transformation (the change in the volume fraction of austenite and ferrite) during high-temperature forging to use the valve and pipe of offshore plants [7][8][9]. From the high-temperature crack analysis, the secondary phase (Sigma, Chi, CrN, and Cr 23 C 6 ) is confirmed to develop within 20 mm of the interior because of the low cooling rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Volume Fraction of the Secondary Phase after Solution Annealing on Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750

Kim

Chung

Shin

2023

Metals

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Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is used for manufacturing large valves and pipes in offshore plants because of its excellent strength and corrosion resistance. Large valves and pipes are manufactured by forging after casting, and the outside and inside microstructures are different owing to the difference in the cooling rate caused by the thermal conductivity. This microstructural variation causes cracks during solution annealing, which breaks the materials. To study the corrosion resistance of the SDSS forged material, the influence of the microstructure according to the difference between the inside and outside cooling rates of the cast SDSS was evaluated. To analyze the effects of the secondary phase fraction before solution annealing on the solution and corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance with and without solution annealing was measured using the potentiodynamic polarization test and critical temperature test after the precipitation of the secondary phase. In the potentiodynamic polarization test, the secondary phase decreased the activation polarization and increased the corrosion rate. The critical pitting temperature exhibited the effect of the secondary phase.

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“…However, the manufacturing of SDSS is difficult. SDSS is a dual phase stainless steel composed of austenite and ferrite, which causes various issues, such as high temperature cracking due to phase transformation during high temperature forging [7][8][9]. From the high temperature crack analysis, the secondary phase is confirmed to develop within 20 mm of the interior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Volume Fraction of the Secondary Phase After So-Lution Annealing on Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750

Shin¹,

Chung²,

Kim³

2023

Preprint

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Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is used for manufacturing large valves and pipes in offshore plants because of its excellent strength and corrosion resistance. Large valves and pipes are manufactured by forging after casting, and the outside and inside microstructures are different owing to the difference in the cooling rate caused by the thermal conductivity. This microstructural variation causes cracks during solution annealing, which breaks the materials. To study toe corrosion resistance of the SDSS forged material, the microstructure was conducted based on the difference in the cooling rate between the inside and outside of the cast SDSS. To analyze the effects of the secondary phase fraction before solution annealing on the solution and corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance with and without solution annealing was measured using the potentiodynamic polarization test and critical temperature test after the precipitation of the secondary phase. In the potentiodynamic polarization test, the secondary phase decreased the activation polarization and increased the corrosion rate. The critical pitting temperature exhibited the effect of the secondary phase.

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Solidification cracking in duplex stainless steel flux-cored arc welds Part 1—cracking in 30-mm-thick material welded under high restraint

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of methods for simulation of heat-affected zones in duplex stainless steels

Evaluation of methods for simulation of heat-affected zones in duplex stainless steels

Effects of the Volume Fraction of the Secondary Phase after Solution Annealing on Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750

Effects of the Volume Fraction of the Secondary Phase After So-Lution Annealing on Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750

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