Solid waste management in coastal cities: where are the gaps? Case study of the North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Coastal cities are surrounded by important but fragile ecosystems that are under pressure from population growth, tourism and large commercial enterprises. These factors contribute to a complex solid waste management situation, which is exacerbated by lack of planning and sanitation infrastructure, common factors in cities in developing countries. The municipalities of the North Coast of São Paulo State were used as study cases to analyze public policies for solid waste management in the coastal zone, with wide seasonal variations in population and solid waste production. The analysis included planning, implementation, performance indicators and future prospects. The results revealed that some key issues that are critical to the development and improvement of solid waste management in these cities must be considered: (1) the main focus of the plans and future prospects is landfills; (2) only a few of the outputs and outcome indicators are related to MSW; (3) recycling is not well implemented; and (4) no indicators of the amount of waste recycled are established. Solid waste management in these municipalities should be strategically reframed in order to adopt more-sustainable alternatives for waste treatment, with outputs and outcome indicators to evaluate policy implementation. In addition, citizen (residents and tourists) should be encouraged in monitoring and implementing these policies.

What are coastal cities doing about the problem of marine litter? A case study in southern Brazil

“…Some examples are implementing citizen participation channels in all coastal management improvement processes and varying institutional partnerships is possible to include NGOs that are important and influential in the local context, neighborhood associations, and cooperatives. The scarcity of local resources is a common weakness in Brazil (Oliveira & Turra, 2015), for this reason, private initiative partnerships can be a good choice. The partnership with strong research and teaching institutions in the case of Rio Grande already exists but needs to be strengthened.…”

“…In coastal zones, irregular and indiscriminate deposition of solid wastes inland, rivers, and even at the sea is widespread (Bergmann et al, 2015), this irregular deposition of waste is often associated with poor management and failure to offer infrastructure for recycling, which leads to deposition and accumulation of waste in rivers, lakes, and oceans. The situation is aggravated in places where the population has a low level of education (Oliveira & Turra, 2015).…”

Turi̇sti̇k Sahi̇l Bölgeleri̇nde Atik Yöneti̇mi̇ne Bi̇r Örnek: Bodrum

“…Ayrıca kıyı bölgelerinin mevsimsel nüfus değişkenliği, deniz bölgesine yakınlığı, mevsimsel değişkenlik gösteren ekonomik yapısı ve uygun depolama alanlarının bulunmaması atık yönetimini zorlaştıran diğer konulardır. İnsan kaynaklı olarak kıyı bölgelerinde oluşan atıklar hem deniz kirliliğine hem de toprak kirliliğine neden olmaktadır (Oliveira ve Turra, 2015). Dünyada deniz kirliliğinin %80"ini evsel, endüstriyel, gemi atıkları, turizm/rekreasyon ile tarımsal faaliyetler sonucu oluşan atıklar, katı atık depolama sahaları ve sanayi faaliyetleri gibi karasal kaynaklı atıklar oluşturmaktadır.…”

Review of Generated Waste from Cruisers: Dubrovnik, Split, and Zadar Port Case Studies

“…The threat to marine environment, due to waste disposal from ships, is substantial [1,2]. In recent decades, a strong adverse human influence on the environment has been noted, especially in the coastal zones with wide seasonal population variations (tourism activities) and extensive commercial enterprises [3,4]. Cruise tourism is a dynamic sector which has continued to show a high growing rate, both in the global tourism market and, also, in Croatia.…”