Solid waste-derived biodegradable keratin sponges for removal of chromium: A circular approach for waste management in leather industry

Hussain, Fayyaz Salih; Memon, Najma; Khatri, Zeeshan; Memon, Saima Q.

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101120

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The functional groups on the molecule chain of keratin, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups, make keratin highly hydrophilic. They also offer the sites for chemical reaction and adsorption for the facile removal of toxic metal ions and organic substances [72][73][74][75]. The nanofibre membrane fabricated by mixing keratin and hydrophilic amino acid exhibited both adsorption and filtration capability [76].…”

Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Reutilization in Polymeric Membrane Fabrication: A New Direction in Membranes for Separation

2021

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In parallel to the rapid growth in economic and social activities, there has been an undesirable increase in environmental degradation due to the massively produced and disposed waste. The need to manage waste in a more innovative manner has become an urgent matter. In response to the call for circular economy, some solid wastes can offer plenty of opportunities to be reutilized as raw materials for the fabrication of functional, high-value products. In the context of solid waste-derived polymeric membrane development, this strategy can pave a way to reduce the consumption of conventional feedstock for the production of synthetic polymers and simultaneously to dampen the negative environmental impacts resulting from the improper management of these solid wastes. The review aims to offer a platform for overviewing the potentials of reutilizing solid waste in liquid separation membrane fabrication by covering the important aspects, including waste pretreatment and raw material extraction, membrane fabrication and characterizations, as well as the separation performance evaluation of the resultant membranes. Three major types of waste-derived polymeric raw materials, namely keratin, cellulose, and plastics, are discussed based on the waste origins, limitations in the waste processing, and their conversion into polymeric membranes. With the promising material properties and viability of processing facilities, recycling and reutilization of waste resources for membrane fabrication are deemed to be a promising strategy that can bring about huge benefits in multiple ways, especially to make a step closer to sustainable and green membrane production.

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Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Reutilization in Polymeric Membrane Fabrication: A New Direction in Membranes for Separation

2021

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“…The valorization of keratin-rich materials for further use in environmental applications, such as removal of heavy metals, is not only relying on the extraction of keratin from these materials but also on the chemical modification of the used materials, to increase the number of the functional groups that are necessary for the designed purpose [ 149 ]. In other cases, keratin was extracted by using a reducing agent [ 13 , 63 , 150 ] and thereafter cross-linked with glutaraldehyde for obtaining new materials that possess the capacity to remove recalcitrant pollutants from the environment [ 43 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Extracted Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, Hussain et al have extracted keratin from wool and after lyophilization was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The form 3D keratin-glutaraldehyde sponge was successfully used for the removal of chromium ions that were present in the wastewater from the leather industry [ 13 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Extracted Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some amounts of keratin also result from wool and leather industries and hair salons. The total estimated quantity of keratin-containing wastes reaches 40 million tons annually [ 13 , 14 ]. Transforming the ovine skins and bovine hides into leather caused about 2 × 10 5 tons of hair and 5.6 × 10 4 tons of wool per year [ 15 , 16 ], while domains such as textile and apparels generate 2.5 million tons of keratinous wastes yearly, in the form of waste and used wool materials [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slow degradation of the keratin waste dumps promotes saprophytic development of the dermatophytes and is considered a potential health hazard [ 20 , 21 ]. In the case of burning, the sulfur content is culpable for pollution increasing, while discharging in the ecosystem can lead both to landscape degradation and soil and groundwater contamination [ 13 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. A special interest is accorded to the management of unmarketable wool, which is an increasing waste in many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials

et al. 2021

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One of the agro-industry’s side streams that is widely met is the-keratin rich fibrous material that is becoming a waste product without valorization. Its management as a waste is costly, as the incineration of this type of waste constitutes high environmental concern. Considering these facts, the keratin-rich waste can be considered as a treasure for the producers interested in the valorization of such slowly-biodegradable by-products. As keratin is a protein that needs harsh conditions for its degradation, and that in most of the cases its constitutive amino acids are destroyed, we review new extraction methods that are eco-friendly and cost-effective. The chemical and enzymatic extractions of keratin are compared and the optimization of the extraction conditions at the lab scale is considered. In this study, there are also considered the potential applications of the extracted keratin as well as the reuse of the by-products obtained during the extraction processes.

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Treatment of tannery effluent: An effective biological enhancement approach

Aarthi,

Biswas,

Hemalatha

et al. 2024

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The water pollution due to tannery industries that contaminate river water and other spheres, is a side effect of industry expansion. The research focused on the biological removal of synthetic azo dyes by using biological treatment under aerobic conditions. Through morphological observation, biochemical test, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis the isolated bacteria were determined to be Aeromonas caviae, Enterobacter sichuanensis. Reduction of the organic content present in the tannery effluent and removal of the nutrients that cause pollution or inactivate potential pathogenic microorganisms or parasites. Optimized the azo dye degradation conditions at the temperature of 37°C, at pH 7 in 10% inoculum concentration at the time of 48th hour where novel organism capable of performing effective degradation. The metabolite of an aliquot mixture of the optimized condition was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and the results confirmed the reduction of azo dyes. These results indicate that A. caviae and E. sichuanensis can be utilized as a solution for the remediation of tannery industrial effluent containing azo dyes.

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Solid waste-derived biodegradable keratin sponges for removal of chromium: A circular approach for waste management in leather industry

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

Waste Reutilization in Polymeric Membrane Fabrication: A New Direction in Membranes for Separation

Waste Reutilization in Polymeric Membrane Fabrication: A New Direction in Membranes for Separation

Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials

Treatment of tannery effluent: An effective biological enhancement approach

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