Solid tumors in neonates: demographic pattern and management in a tertiary care centre

Abstract

Background: Neonatal solid tumors are different in their clinical and biological behavior from older children. Rarity of these tumors, histological diversity and paucity of information leads to difficulty in diagnosis and management. The objective of the study is to analyse the demographic pattern, clinico-pathological features and management of neonatal solid tumors along with comparing the outcome with similar available studies. Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care pediatric institute between April 2014 and March 2019. The medical records of neonates admitted and operated for solid tumors were analysed. The incidence, clinical presentation, pathological findings, management and outcome were studied. Results: Out of 85 children operated for solid tumors, 24 cases were presented and operated in neonatal period. Sacrococcygeal teratoma (17 cases) was the most common neoplasm followed by retroperitoneal teratoma (3 cases). The male to female ratio in sacrococcygeal teratoma was almost equal in the present study. Two neonates with congenital mesoblastic nephroma and a 5-day girl with biphasic pulmonary blastoma were remarkable findings in this study. There was no mortality or tumor recurrence during postoperative period and follow up. Conclusions: Neonatal tumors are rare neoplasms and are different in their clinical and biological behavior from older children. The rarity, histological diversity and paucity of information leads to difficulty in diagnosis and management. Benign tumors may have aggressive appearance, but prognosis is good after complete surgical excision. Multidisciplinary methodological management approach is essential for optimal survival of these tiny neonates.