Abstract1 H, 27 Al, 29 Si and 39 K solid state NMR are reported from a Hungarian illite 2:1 clay for samples heated up 1600 o C. This single phase sample has a small amount of aluminium substitution in the silica layer and very low iron-content (~0.4 wt%). Thermal analysis shows several events that can be related to features in the NMR spectra, and hence changes in the atomic scale structure. As dehydroxylation occurs there is increasing AlO 4 and AlO 5 -contents. The silica and gibbsite layers become increasingly separated as the dehydroxylation progresses. Between 900 and 1000 o C the silica layer forms a potassium aluminosilicate glass. The gibbsite-layer forms spinel/γ-Al 2 O 3 and some aluminium-rich mullite. Then on heating to 1600 o C changes in the 29 Si and 27 Al MAS NMR spectra are consistent with the aluminosilicate glass increasing its aluminium-content, the amount of mullite increasing probably with its silicon-content also increasing, and some α-Al 2 O 3 forming.