Solid-state shear pulverization as effective treatment for dispersing lignocellulose nanofibers in polypropylene composites

Iwamoto, Shinichiro; Yamamoto, Shigehiro; Lee, Seung Hwan; Endo, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s10570-014-0195-5

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The SEM image shows that the fibers were 20 nm in thickness in the area with the highest degree of disintegration. In previous studies, using nitrogen gas adsorption measurements, the specific surface area of LCNFs was found to be 106 m 2 /g [6], a value that is similar to the one reported for cellulose nanofibers [10]. The specific surface area of the fibers of untreated wood flour was 8 m 2 /g.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Further, as can be seen from the images, the complete prevention of aggregation of the LCNFs could not be achieved by drying and the simultaneous compounding of the LCNF suspension in melted EBC at 105 °C. However, the degree of LCNF dispersion was improved, compared to the case in composites prepared using freeze-dried LCNFs in a previously reported study [6]. Because evaporating the water during compounding requires lesser time and consumes lesser energy than does freeze drying, the fabrication process employed in this study should be suitable for the industrial production of composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Lignocellulose Nanofibers Dried in Melted Ethylene-Butene Copolymer

et al. 2014

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Lignocellulose nanofibers were prepared by the wet disk milling of wood flour. First, an ethylene-butene copolymer was pre-compounded with wood flour or lignocellulose nanofibers to prepare master batches. This process involved evaporating the water of the lignocellulose nanofiber suspension during compounding with ethylene-butene copolymer by heating at 105 °C. These master batches were compounded again with polypropylene to obtain the final composites. Since ethylene-butene copolymer is an elastomer, its addition increased the impact strength of polypropylene but decreased the stiffness. In contrast, the wood flour- and lignocellulose nanofiber-reinforced composites showed significantly higher flexural moduli and slightly higher flexural yield stresses than did the ethylene-butene/polypropylene blends. Further, the wood flour composites exhibited brittle fractures during tensile tests and had lower impact strengths than those of the ethylene-butene/polypropylene blends. On the other hand, the addition of the lignocellulose nanofibers did not decrease the impact strength of the ethylene-butene/polypropylene blends. Finally, the addition of wood flour and the lignocellulose nanofibers increased the crystallization temperature and crystallization rate of polypropylene. The increases were more remarkable in the case of the lignocellulose nanofibers than for wood flour.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Lignocellulose Nanofibers Dried in Melted Ethylene-Butene Copolymer

et al. 2014

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“…In comparison to conventional melt processing, solid‐state processing can give rise to extraordinarily large compressive and shear forces . In order to overcome the limited stresses and forces developed during melt processing, some researchers have employed solid‐state processes to produce well‐dispersed polymer blends and composites . Batch solid‐state processes such as pan milling and ball milling have been used to expose blends and hybrids to high forces and stresses, leading to improved dispersion and properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to overcome the limited stresses and forces developed during melt processing, some researchers have employed solid‐state processes to produce well‐dispersed polymer blends and composites . Batch solid‐state processes such as pan milling and ball milling have been used to expose blends and hybrids to high forces and stresses, leading to improved dispersion and properties . Solid‐state shear pulverization (SSSP) is a continuous, industrially scalable solid‐state process that has been successful in producing well‐dispersed blends and composites that cannot be made easily or at all by melt processing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batch solid‐state processes such as pan milling and ball milling have been used to expose blends and hybrids to high forces and stresses, leading to improved dispersion and properties . Solid‐state shear pulverization (SSSP) is a continuous, industrially scalable solid‐state process that has been successful in producing well‐dispersed blends and composites that cannot be made easily or at all by melt processing . The SSSP process employs a twin‐screw extruder modified for cooling; amorphous materials are processed below their glass transition and semi‐crystalline materials below their melt transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersion and Property Enhancements in Polyolefin/Soy Flour Biocomposites Prepared via Melt Extrusion Followed by Solid‐State Shear Pulverization

Iyer¹,

Torkelson

2015

Macro Materials & Eng

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Biocomposites of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) with 5–40 wt% soy flour (SF) are produced by two‐step single‐screw extrusion (SSE) followed by solid‐state shear pulverization (SSSP). The SSE‐SSSP approach overcomes limitations with melt mixing, e.g poor SF dispersion and degradation, and limitations with single‐step SSSP. Microscopy shows that SF is well dispersed in SSE‐SSSP composites but agglomerated and degraded in melt‐mixed composites. The SSE‐SSSP composites exhibit major improvements in Young's modulus relative to neat polymer, including 74 and 43% increases in 80/20 wt% LDPE/SF and 95/5 wt% PP/SF composites, respectively. Relative to neat polymer, SSE‐SSSP composites exhibit the largest improvements in Young's modulus and best tensile strengths reported for polyolefin/SF composites. Crystallization and viscosity are only slightly affected by SF in the composites. At 20% and higher mass loss, char can result in greater thermo‐oxidative stability of 80/20 wt% polyolefin/SF composites relative to neat polymer.

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Biomonomers for Green Polymers: Introduction

Visakh

2019

Bio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composite Materials

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Solid-state shear pulverization as effective treatment for dispersing lignocellulose nanofibers in polypropylene composites

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Lignocellulose Nanofibers Dried in Melted Ethylene-Butene Copolymer

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Lignocellulose Nanofibers Dried in Melted Ethylene-Butene Copolymer

Dispersion and Property Enhancements in Polyolefin/Soy Flour Biocomposites Prepared via Melt Extrusion Followed by Solid‐State Shear Pulverization

Biomonomers for Green Polymers: Introduction

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