Solid-state refrigeration: A comparison of the energy performances of caloric materials operating in an active caloric regenerator

Aprea, Ciro; Greco, Adriana; Maiorino, Angelo; Masselli, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.114

Cited by 71 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The purpose of the investigation introduced is to compare the energy performances of the ACR regenerator while it employs one by one the caloric refrigerants [45]. The most salient energy parameters evaluated are the followings:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between different materials with mechanocaloric effect

Aprea¹,

Greco²,

Maiorino³

et al. 2018

IJHT

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Caloric refrigeration can be a viable alternative to the traditional vapour compression technology since a caloric solid refrigerant has zero vapour pressure and therefore is ecological with no direct Ozone Depletion Potential and zero direct Global Warming Potential. Caloric refrigeration embraces four main cooling techniques, each one based on a different caloric effect. This paper is focused upon materials that display mechanocaloric properties, with a transition induced through the application of variable pressure (barocaloric cooling) or uniaxial stress (elastocaloric cooling). Materials that display solidstate caloric effects driven by applied pressure/stress could lead to more accessible and economic technological solutions. By means of a two-dimensional mathematical model an energy analysis is performed with the most performing elastocaloric and barocaloric materials to explore the potential of mechanocaloric cooling. Temperature span, cooling power and coefficient of performance have bene evaluated. Results demonstrate best mechanocaloric materials, like Cu68.13Zn15.74Al16.14 and (NH4)2MoO2F4, provide energy performances better than those of traditional vapour compression plants. Keywords:caloric cooling, mechanocaloric, elastocaloric, barocaloric, caloric effect, caloric materials ∆ = ∫ ( ) 1 0 ,(1)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between different materials with mechanocaloric effect

Aprea¹,

Greco²,

Maiorino³

et al. 2018

IJHT

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“…The related mathematical function for Q is evaluated through mathematical finder software following the elaboration and the manipulation of experimental data of specific heat and ∆T ad (p, T s ), according to scientific literature. A complete description of all the steps we followed in the Q-terms building is reported in Aprea et al [16]. Next to the construction and the manner of including Q in the field increasing/decreasing processes of the 2-D model, we detail how we accounted for the phenomenon of the thermal hysteresis that could become relevant for first order transition materials.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This extreme ductility constitutes a strongpoint of the tool, and it allows for the possibility of experimentally validating the model with just one of the four caloric effect-based prototypes. To this purpose, the model was introduced in our previous investigations [16,67] and validated with a prototype of a magnetocaloric cooler developed at University of Salerno. The validation, carried out both at zero load and with refrigerant load, showed fairly good agreement with experimental data [16,67,69].…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caloric refrigeration embraces all the cooling techniques and was founded on a physical phenomenon according to which, due to an adiabatic change in the intensity of an external field, a variation of temperature (∆T ad ) is detected in a solid-state material to which the field is applied [15,16]. The specificity of the field particularizes such effects classified as caloric; a magnetic field generates a magnetocaloric effect (MCE) [17][18][19], electric fields are associated with electrocaloric In regards to solid-state refrigeration, just two methods have been studied for the application of nanofluids in the caloric systems, and both were focused on magnetocaloric refrigeration [65,66].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we introduce a numerical study conducted on an active barocaloric refrigerator operating with a vulcanizing rubber, which employed glycol-based nanofluids as auxiliary fluid. The tool employed for the investigation was a two-dimensional model of a parallel-plates active caloric regenerator, which was already validated experimentally in our previous investigations [16,67,68]. The analysis is focused mainly on the heat transfer performances of the regenerator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Heat Transfer in an Active Barocaloric Cooling System Using Ethylene-Glycol Based Nanofluids as Secondary Medium

et al. 2019

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Barocaloric cooling is classified as environmentally friendly because of the employment of solid-state materials as refrigerants. The reference and well-established processes are based on the active barocaloric regenerative refrigeration cycle, where the solid-state material acts both as refrigerant and regenerator; an auxiliary fluid (generally water of water/glycol mixtures) is used to transfer the heat fluxes with the final purpose of subtracting heat from the cold heat exchanger coupled with the cold cell. In this paper, we numerically investigate the effect on heat transfer of working with nanofluids as auxiliary fluids in an active barocaloric refrigerator operating with a vulcanizing rubber. The results reveal that, as a general trend, adding 10% of copper nanoparticles in the water/ethylene-glycol mixture carries to +30% as medium heat transfer enhancement.Energies 2019, 12, 2902 2 of 15 effects (ECE) [20][21][22], and mechanical fields provoke elastocaloric (eCE) [23] or barocaloric effects (BCE) [24], respectively, as consequences of stretching or of hydrostatic pressure application.Caloric cooling is classified as environmentally friendly because it employs solid-state materials as refrigerants that do not directly impact global warming since they do not disperse in the atmosphere, as confirmed by a certain number of investigations [25][26][27][28] that asserted the eco-friendliness of all the techniques belonging to magneto- [29,30], electro-[31,32], elasto-[33,34], and baro-caloric [35] cooling.The reference and well-established systems for caloric cooling are based on the active caloric regenerative refrigeration (ACR) cycle, a thermodynamic Brayton-based cycle in which the caloric solid-state material acts as both the refrigerant and the regenerator, thus recovering heat fluxes through the help of an auxiliary fluid that vehiculates them with the final purpose of subtracting heat from the cold heat exchanger (and therefore the cold environment) [36]. To improve the efficiency of a caloric cooler, the ACR system works with the optimal operative parameters (such as the geometry of the regenerator, the fluid velocity, and the frequency of the cycle) [37-39] but the bottleneck is employing materials due of high caloric effect in the temperature range toward the application is devoted to [40]. A very wide "chapter" is currently open in the research panorama regarding the efforts to realize suitable caloric effect materials. A huge number of studies have been conducted over the last decades, and several promising materials have been identified for each specific caloric technique [41][42][43].Magnetocaloric is the most mature solid-state cooling technique [44,45], as it was the first to be investigated; however, there are still inherent limitations and holdups in creating high-intensity magnetic fields by permanent magnet application [46,47]. More recently, electrocaloric and elastocaloric techniques have gained interest in the scientific community-certain objectives are being reached, and many prototypes...

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Electrocaloric Coolers: A Review

Torelló

Defaÿ

2022

Adv Elect Materials

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Since the discovery of giant electrocaloric effects, researchers are intensively studying electrocaloric cooling as an alternative to vapor compression systems to develop more efficient heat pumps and mitigate climate change. Endorsed by its direct use of electricity, easy‐handling, and compact design, recent advancements in the performance of electrocaloric coolers have finally displayed temperatures comparable to similar competing technologies, and the topic has regained attention and interest. In this work, the design, performance, and working principles of all electrocaloric prototypes before the year 2021 are reviewed, and hints and guidelines are given for future works to bring the development of these devices one step closer to real applications.

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Solid-state refrigeration: A comparison of the energy performances of caloric materials operating in an active caloric regenerator

Cited by 71 publications

References 67 publications

A comparison between different materials with mechanocaloric effect

A comparison between different materials with mechanocaloric effect

Enhancing the Heat Transfer in an Active Barocaloric Cooling System Using Ethylene-Glycol Based Nanofluids as Secondary Medium

Electrocaloric Coolers: A Review

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