Solid-State Reduction Studies for Recovery of Iron from Red Mud

Keskinkilic, Ender; Pournaderi, Saeid; Geveci, Ahmet; Topkaya, Yavuz

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36540-0_45

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A promising and recently studied approach for red mud recycling is solid-phase reduction of iron at 1050-1400 • C [28], that is evidently more cost effective than reduction smelting at temperatures above 1500 • C [29] because of a lower energy consumption. This approach had been used for other different iron-containing wastes [30][31][32], as well as complex low-grade iron [33][34][35] and nickel [36][37][38] ores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Grudinsky

Zinoveev

Pankratov

et al. 2020

Metals

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Red mud is an iron-containing waste of alumina production with high alkalinity. A promising approach for its recycling is solid-phase carbothermic roasting in the presence of special additives followed by magnetic separation. The crucial factor of the separation of the obtained iron metallic particles from gangue is sufficiently large iron grains. This study focuses on the influence of Na2SO4 addition on iron grain growth during carbothermic roasting of two red mud samples with different (CaO + MgO)/(SiO2 + Al2O3) ratio of 0.46 and 1.21, respectively. Iron phase distribution in the red mud and roasted samples were investigated in detail by Mössbauer spectroscopy method. Based on thermodynamic calculations and results of multifactorial experiments, the optimal conditions for the roasting of the red mud samples with (CaO + MgO)/(SiO2 + Al2O3) ratio of 0.46 and 1.21 were duration of 180 min with the addition of 13.65% Na2SO4 at 1150 °C and 1350 °C followed by magnetic separation that led to 97% and 83.91% of iron recovery, as well as 51.6% and 83.7% of iron grade, respectively. The mechanism of sodium sulfate effect on iron grain growth was proposed. The results pointed out that Na2SO4 addition is unfavorable for the red mud carbothermic roasting compared with other alkaline sulfur-free additives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Grudinsky

Zinoveev

Pankratov

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…The promising way for iron recovery from red mud is its reduction into metallic form [5]. An implementation of this approach requires a creation of physicochemical conditions for iron reduction and a development of a technological process for the treatment of significant amounts of red mud.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Iron from Russian Red Mud by a Carbothermic Reduction and Magnetic Separation Process

Zinoveev

Петелин

Grudinsky

et al. 2021

The 1st International Electronic Conference on Metallurgy and Metals

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Red mud is a hazardous waste of alumina production. Currently, the total accumulated amount of red mud is over 4 billion tons. The promising method of red mud processing is a carbothermic reduction of iron at 1000–1400 °C into metallic form followed by magnetic separation. In this study, the mechanism of carbothermic solid-phase reduction of red mud was investigated. Based on the experimental data, the two-step mechanism of the first rapid stage of the process was proposed, which leads to almost full iron reduction. The estimated value of activation energy has indicated that solid-phase diffusion is a rate-controlling step for this stage. However, an almost full reduction is necessary, but insufficient factor for successful magnetic separation. The second crucial factor of the process is enlargement of iron grain size, which leads to gangue-grain release during grinding and increases efficiency of the magnetic separation. The prediction model of iron grain growth process during the carbothermic reduction process was suggested. The calculation of average size of iron grains formed during the reduction process that was performed according to the assumption of diffusion-controlled process showed their correlation with experimental data. Various methods were proposed to promote the process of iron grain growth during carbothermic reduction of red mud.

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Solid-State Reduction Studies for Recovery of Iron from Red Mud

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Extraction of Iron from Russian Red Mud by a Carbothermic Reduction and Magnetic Separation Process

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