The phase behaviour of poly(di-n-decylsilane) (PD10S) was investigated by DSC and 29 Si as well as 2 H solid state NMR spectroscopy. For 2 H NMR experiments, the polymer was deuterated in the -position of the side chains. Depending on the thermal history of the sample, DSC shows two transitions at 303 and 320 K with varying intensity ratio. Above 320 K, only the conformationally disordered mesophase exists. NMR spectra prove the existence of two crystalline states I and II. State I is either a pure phase with a complex backbone structure or a superposition of several crystalline modi®cations, whereas state II probably corresponds to a single phase with transoid backbone conformation. Either state can be obtained separately.