Solid state lighting review – Potential and challenges in Europe

Almeida, Anı́bal T. de; Santos, Bruno F.; Paolo, Bertoldi; Michel, Quicheron

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.029

Cited by 210 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…LED technology offers high efficiency, good physical robustness, long life expectancy and low power consumption [4]. Thus, a switch to LED lighting can result in energy savings and lower costs in coming decades (e.g., [4,5]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Road Lighting in Practice: An Evaluation of Compliance with Regulations and Improvements for Further Energy Savings

Jägerbrand

2016

Energies

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Light-emitting diode (LED) road lighting has been widely implemented in recent years, but few studies have evaluated its performance after installation. This study investigated whether LED road lighting complies with minimum regulations in terms of traffic safety and whether improvements for energy efficiency are possible. Average road surface luminance (L), overall luminance uniformity (U o ), longitudinal luminance uniformity (U I ), power density (P D ) and normalised power density (P N ) were evaluated for 14 roads (seven designed for vehicular traffic and seven for pedestrians and bicycles). Energy savings were calculated as the percentage reduction to the minimum level of the existing lighting class or a lower lighting class and by applying a dimming schedule. The results showed that LED road lighting for vehicular traffic roads generally fulfilled the requirements, whereas that for pedestrian and bicycle roads generally corresponded to the lowest lighting class for L, and often did not meet the statutory requirements for U o and U I . By adapting lighting levels to the minimum requirement of the existing lighting class or by dropping to a lower lighting class, vehicular traffic roads could save 6%-35% on L to lighting class M5 and 23%-61% on L to lighting class M6. A dimming schedule could lead to energy savings of 49%. There is little potential for savings on pedestrian and bicycle roads, except by implementing a dimming schedule. Thus, in general, for vehicular, pedestrian and bicycle roads, a dimming schedule can save more energy than can be achieved in general by reducing lighting class. Furthermore, since a dimming schedule can be adjusted to traffic intensity, any potential risk of compromising traffic safety is minimised.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a switch to LED lighting can result in energy savings and lower costs in coming decades (e.g., [4,5]). Furthermore, LED lighting is easy dimmable and has a rapid I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Road Lighting in Practice: An Evaluation of Compliance with Regulations and Improvements for Further Energy Savings

Jägerbrand

2016

Energies

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“…A recent review on the opportunities and challenges in solid-state lighting, including technological development, policy options, environmental impact, as well as future trends, is presented in (de Almeida et al, 2014). Since LEDs offer favorable dimming performance, an important direction in improving the energy efficiency of street lighting is the application of adaptive lighting, i.e., adjusting the dimming levels and the light distribution to the environmental conditions and user behavior.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent control for energy-positive street lighting

Kovács

Bátai²,

Csáji

et al. 2016

Energy

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The paper investigates the application of solar energy in public lighting for realizing a street lighting sub-grid with positive yearly energy balance. The focus is given to the central controller of the system, which ensures the adaptive behavior of the overall system and provides smart city services to the end users via its web-based user interface. A functionality of the controller of special interest is the optimization of the energy management of the system, i.e., determining when to sell and buy electricity to/from the grid, in order to minimize the cost of electricity (or to maximize profit) subject to a given, time-of-use variable energy tariff. This requires precise forecasts of the energy produced and consumed, as well as appropriate robust optimization techniques that guarantee that the system bridges potential power outages of moderate duration in island mode. The algorithms implemented in the controller are presented in detail, together with the evaluation of the operation of a physical prototype with 191 luminaries over a horizon of six months, based on the monitoring data collected by the proposed controller.

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“…The United Nations supported ''en.lighting initiative" reports a share of 15% in 2010 (En.lighten, 2016). In a study on the potentials and challenges of Solid State Lighting for Europe, De Almeida et al report on a 19% share of lighting on the global electricity consumption, while for the European Union this value is a bit lower (14%) (De Almeida et al, 2014). A Central Europe case study of Austria states a national value of 15% in the not differentiated category "lighting & IT."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review on life cycle inventories and environmental assessments of LED-lamps

Franz

Wenzl

2017

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Resource scarcity, hazardous waste, and climate change are the driving forces for developing energy efficient and low-toxic lighting sources. Currently, solid state lighting based on lightemitting diodes is expected to become the most dominant lighting technology of the future, mostly driven by its advantage with respect to energy efficiency. Parallel to the ongoing development of light-emitting diode-based lighting sources, a number of single case and comparative life cycle assessment studies of LED-lamps and components in varying study settings were carried out. However, these studies mostly rely to specific lamp designs, which limits general conclusions. This work includes a summary of the global market of lighting and LEDlamp technologies, followed by a comprehensive review and comparison of published life cycle assessment studies. In addition, we take also some aspects, which are relevant for the well-being of an end-user and which are usually not treated in life cycle assessment studies, like glare and health issues, into consideration. A critical interpretation of the assumptions and outcomes of these studies is given and questions that remain unsettled and therefore should be addressed in future studies are discussed.

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Solid state lighting review – Potential and challenges in Europe

Cited by 210 publications

References 5 publications

LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Road Lighting in Practice: An Evaluation of Compliance with Regulations and Improvements for Further Energy Savings

LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Road Lighting in Practice: An Evaluation of Compliance with Regulations and Improvements for Further Energy Savings

Intelligent control for energy-positive street lighting

Critical review on life cycle inventories and environmental assessments of LED-lamps

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