“…However, the satellite system is only able to provide a centimeter‐level precision; in addition, it becomes difficult to establish the location of a vehicle or robot when the signal is impeded by nearby structures. To enhance the reliability of localization, red‐green‐blue‐depth (RGB‐D) cameras (Liu et al., 2021), light detection and ranging (LiDAR; Lee, 2022), and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors (Neges et al., 2017) have been adopted for robotic indoor navigation mainly in indoor scenarios using simultaneous localization and mapping system (SLAM; Van & Gon‐Woo, 2021) and fiducial marker system (Kayhani et al., 2020). The SLAM has gained popularity since it enables the robots to explore the indoor (Filipenko & Afanasyev, 2018), underwater (Hidalgo & Bräunl, 2015), and outdoor environments (Bellés & Pla, 2015) and to carry out duties without human involvement.…”