Solid state impact welding of BMG and copper by vaporizing foil actuator welding

Vivek, Anupam; Presley, Michael; Flores, Katharine M.; Hutchinson, Nicholas H.; Daehn, Glenn S.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.012

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…It shows that the welding strength of Cu/amorphous alloys is greater than that of Cu foils, which demonstrates that the welding interface is reliable. The same result was concluded by other research [ 14 , 16 ]. The shape of the copper left on amorphous alloys is a circle, which corresponds to the annular welding region in Figure 3 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Li et al [ 15 ] successfully achieved the welding of Zr 46 Cu 46 A l8 BMG to crystalline pure Al without any defects by using FSW, and there was no crystallization and reaction layer detected in the welding interface between the BMG and Al. Vivek et al [ 16 ] concluded that VFAW was a feasible means to weld Zr-based BMG to copper. The result showed that the grain refinement of the welding interface resulted in the increase of the hardness in the copper sheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation on Laser Impact Welding of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloys to Crystalline Copper

et al. 2017

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Recently, amorphous alloys have attracted many researchers’ attention for amorphous structures and excellent properties. However, the welding of amorphous alloys to traditional metals in the microscale is not easy to realize in the process with amorphous structures unchanged, which restrains the application in industry. In this paper, a new method of welding Fe-based amorphous alloys (GB1K101) to crystalline copper by laser impact welding (LIW) is investigated. A series of experiments was conducted under different laser energies, during which Fe-based amorphous alloys and crystalline copper were welded successfully by LIW. In addition, the microstructure and mechanical properties of welding joints were observed and measured, respectively. The results showed that the surface wave and springback were observed on the flyer plate after LIW. The welding interface was straight or wavy due to different plastic deformation under different laser energies. The welding interface was directly bonded tightly without visible defects. No visible element diffusion and intermetallic phases were found in the welding interface. The Fe-based amorphous alloys retained amorphous structures after LIW under the laser energy of 835 mJ. The nanoindentation hardness across the welding interface showed an increase on both sides of the welding interface. The results of the lap shearing test showed that the fracture position was on the side of copper coil.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Laser Impact Welding of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloys to Crystalline Copper

et al. 2017

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“…Vivek pointed out that the aluminum foil provided better mechanical impulse than copper foil through its rapid vaporization. Materials such as steel, aluminum, titanium, copper, magnesium, bulk metallic glass, etc., have been successfully welded with VFAW [61][62][63][64][65]. The original experimental setups in VFAW were similar to those used in EXW.…”

Section: Vaporizing Foil Actuator Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Velocity Impact Welding Process: A Review

Wang

2019

Metals

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High-velocity impact welding is a kind of solid-state welding process that is one of the solutions for the joining of dissimilar materials that avoids intermetallics. Five main methods have been developed to date. These are gas gun welding (GGW), explosive welding (EXW), magnetic pulse welding (MPW), vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW), and laser impact welding (LIW). They all share a similar welding mechanism, but they also have different energy sources and different applications. This review mainly focuses on research related to the experimental setups of various welding methods, jet phenomenon, welding interface characteristics, and welding parameters. The introduction states the importance of high-velocity impact welding in the joining of dissimilar materials. The review of experimental setups provides the current situation and limitations of various welding processes. Jet phenomenon, welding interface characteristics, and welding parameters are all related to the welding mechanism. The conclusion and future work are summarized.Various solid-state welding methods have been developed recently, for example, friction stir welding, explosive welding (EXW), friction welding, magnetic pulse welding (MPW), cold welding, ultrasonic welding, roll welding, pressure gas welding, resistance welding, vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW), gas gun welding (GGW), and laser impact welding (LIW). Among those solid-state welding methods-GGW, EXW, MPW, VFAW, and LIW-are five kinds of high-velocity impact-welding methods. They shared the same welding mechanism, but have different welding energy sources indicated by their names: high-speed gas [13], explosive [14,15], capacitor bank energy (MPW and VFAW) [16], and laser [17], respectively.High-velocity impact welding is characterized by a low welding temperature and fast welding speed. The process is conducted at room temperature. Furthermore, there is no external heat input during the welding process. Figure 1 is a schematic transient state in the welding process. After the transient force is applied on the external surface of the flyer, the flyer moves toward the target at the velocity of several hundred meters per second [18]. When the flyer collides on the target, a jet is generated at the collision point, which contains contaminants, oxide layers, and a thin layer of metals. As a result, the "clean" metals (no contaminants, oxide layers) are exposed to each other. With the transient force, they are brought within atomic distance, where the atomic bond is formed. This process is usually takes several to dozens of microseconds based on different welding processes. For example, in LIW, it usually takes less than one microsecond. In other high-velocity impact-welding processes, it takes longer than that. Metals 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 19However, Al 7075 alloy is susceptible to hot cracking [8,9], and titanium is chemically active at high temperature [10][11][12]. Zinc-coated steel is an important structural material in automobiles. However, during the fusion-weldin...

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“…Using the same charging energies of the pulse generator, with VFAW they reached velocities three times those for MPW. Vivek et al [16] demonstrated two VFAW experiments to join copper sheets with 3 mm thick zirconium-based bulk metallic glass (BMG). In one experiment, the 0.5 mm thick copper sheet was directly launched towards the BMG, resulting in a straight welded interface.…”

Section: Vaporizing Foil Actuator Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Experimental Comparison of Laser Impact Welding with a Plasma Pressure Model

Sadeh

Gleason

Hatamleh

et al. 2019

Metals

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In this study, spatial and temporal profiles of an Nd-YAG laser beam pressure pulse are experimentally characterized and fully captured for use in numerical simulations of laser impact welding (LIW). Both axisymmetric, Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and Eulerian dynamic explicit numerical simulations of the collision and deformation of the flyer and target foils are created. The effect of the standoff distance between the foils on impact angle, velocity distribution, springback, the overall shape of the deformed foils, and the weld strength in lap shear tests are investigated. In addition, the jetting phenomenon (separation and ejection of particles at very high velocities due to high-impact collision) and interlocking of the foils along the weld interface are simulated. Simulation results are compared to experiments, which exhibit very similar deformation and impact behaviors. In contrast to previous numerical studies that assume a pre-defined deformed flyer foil shape with uniform initial velocity, the research in this work shows that incorporation of the actual spatial and temporal profiles of the laser beam and modeling of the corresponding pressure pulse based on a laser shock peening approach provides a more realistic prediction of the LIW process mechanism.

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Solid state impact welding of BMG and copper by vaporizing foil actuator welding

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Investigation on Laser Impact Welding of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloys to Crystalline Copper

Experimental Investigation on Laser Impact Welding of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloys to Crystalline Copper

High-Velocity Impact Welding Process: A Review

Simulation and Experimental Comparison of Laser Impact Welding with a Plasma Pressure Model

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