Solid state fermentation production of chitin deacetylase by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum ATCC 56676 using different substrates

Abstract

Production of extracellular chitin deacetylase by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum ATCC 56676 under solid substrate fermentation was studied. The suitability of shrimp shell chitin waste (SSCW) and commercial wheat bran (CWB) was evaluated for maximal enzyme production. CWB medium (pH 6.4±0.2) supplemented with chitosan favoured maximal chitin deacetylase yield of 460.4±14.7 unit/g initial dry substrate (U/g IDS) at 96 h as compared to maximal yield of 392.0±6.4 U/g IDS at 192 h in SSCW medium (pH 8.7±0.2) at 25°C incubation temperature and 60% (w/w) initial moisture content of medium. Along with chitin deacetylase, C. lindemuthianum ATCC 56676 produced maximum endo-chitinase (0.28± 0.03 U/g IDS at 144 h) and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (0.79±0.009 U/g IDS at 192 h) in CWB medium and 0.49± 0.05 U/g IDS of endo-chitinase at 264 h and 0.38±0.04 U/g IDS of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase at 96 h of incubation in SSCW medium. SEM studies indicated the difference in the morphology of mycelia and hyphae of C. lindemuthianum ATCC 56676 when grown on different solid substrates. Production of chitin deacetylase by SSF is being reported for the first time.

Extracellular chitin deacetylase production in solid state fermentation by native soil isolates of Penicillium monoverticillium and Fusarium oxysporum

“…Chitin deacetylase (Chitin amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of chitin to chitosan by the deacetylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units (Tsigos et al 2000;Suresh et al 2011a). The presence of this enzyme activity has been reported in several fungal (Tsigos and Bouriotis 1995;Alfonso et al 1995;Gao et al 1995;Tsigos et al 1999Tsigos et al , 2000Nahar et al 2004;Cai et al 2006;Kim et al 2008) and in some bacterial species (Kadokura et al 2006;Zhou et al 2010).…”

“…It is polycationic polysaccharides; possess unique functional properties favorable for wide variety of applications in food, biomedicine, cosmetic, agriculture, biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry (Amorim et al 2001;Synowiecki and Al-Khateeb 2003). However, its application has been restricted especially in food and bio-medicine because lack of commercial availability of high quality chitosan (Tsigos et al 2000;Amorim et al 2001;Suresh et al 2011a). Chitosan is commercially prepared from chitin.…”

“…Currently, chitosan is produced by harsh thermo-chemical N-deacetylation of chitin (Synowiecki and Al-Khateeb 2003). This chemical approach has some problems, such as environmental pollution, high energy consumption and uncontrolled reaction process, resulting poor quality chitosan with inconsistent property (different deacetylation grades and molecular weights) (Synowiecki and Al-Khateeb 2003;Chang et al 2007;No et al 2007;Zhou et al 2010;Suresh et al 2011a). Therefore, biological approach using microbial chitin deacetylase has been proposed as an attractive alternative to alkali deacetylation of chitin to chitosan (Martinou et al 1997;Tsigos et al 1999Tsigos et al , 2000Synowiecki and Al-Khateeb 2003;Beaney et al 2007;Suresh et al 2011a).…”

“…However, most of these reports deal with purification and characterization of intracellular chitin deacetylase. Chitin deacetylase production is mainly intracellular, however, some microorganisms also synthesis this enzyme as extracellular for their nutritional purpose (Tsigos et al 2000;Suresh et al 2011a). Production of extracellular chitin deacetylase has attracted much interest in recent years, owing to its potential in chitosan preparation in industry (Kuk et al 2005;Kim et al 2008;Zhou et al 2010;Suresh et al 2011a).…”

“…Chitin deacetylase production is mainly intracellular, however, some microorganisms also synthesis this enzyme as extracellular for their nutritional purpose (Tsigos et al 2000;Suresh et al 2011a). Production of extracellular chitin deacetylase has attracted much interest in recent years, owing to its potential in chitosan preparation in industry (Kuk et al 2005;Kim et al 2008;Zhou et al 2010;Suresh et al 2011a). However, currently there is no commercial process available for the production of this enzyme, mainly due to the reasons such as lack of potential microbial strains and complicated fermentation requirements in chitin deacetylase production by most of the strains reported (Zhou et al 2010;Suresh et al 2011a).…”