Solid-state epimerisation and disproportionation of pilocarpine HCl: Why we need a 5-stage approach to validate melting point measurements for heat-sensitive drugs

Malallah, Osamah; Hammond, Basilia; Al-Adhami, Taha; Buanz, Asma; Alqurshi, Abdulmalik; Rahman, Khondaker Miraz; Forbes, Ben; Royall, Paul G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118869

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The justification for the lack of recycling is that the quality of returned medicines cannot be guaranteed. This could be especially accurate when household storage conditions are subject to hot and humid climates [6] [7] [8]. In a previous study, the author investigated various medication storage conditions adopted by households across the country [9].…”

Section: Recycling Unused Medications Returned By Patients Is Discourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unless stored in a refrigerator, most medications were frequently exposed to temperatures above the manufacturer instructed ranges. Such temperature excursions cause degradation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), leading to the production of harmful degradation products [6]. Alternatively, the partial loss of APIs or the degradation of excipients results in diminished product specifications and thus drug effectiveness [10] [11].…”

Section: Recycling Unused Medications Returned By Patients Is Discourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household Disposal and Recycling of Medication in Saudi Arabia: A Call for Introducing Drug Take-Back Programs

Alqurshi¹

2020

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Background: Inappropriate disposal practices of medicinal products by households can harm nature. Alternatively, passing unused medications to friends and family members can have undesirable consequences as the quality of the product is in question. Objective: To investigate the disposal and recycling practices of medicinal products by households in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire designed to investigate disposal and recycling practices aimed at households in Saudi Arabia. Phone interviews were conducted with healthcare providers from hospitals and community pharmacies as well as medical charity representatives. A thorough search (Jun-September 2020) for disposal and recycling policies was performed on the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and the Ministry of Health websites. Results: More than 900 participants were included in this study. Approximately 40% of respondents claimed to follow the SFDA recommendations for the disposal of unwanted medications in the wastebasket, whilst ≥6% preferred disposal via the toilet. On the other hand, 10% and 5% of households donated their unwanted over-the-counter and prescription-only medication products, respectively, to a person in need, without referring to healthcare professionals. Interviews with healthcare providers and medical charities revealed no drug take-back programs were currently available for households. The SFDA website provides a brief guide on the disposal of unwanted or expired medication. Conclusions: The absence of a clear drug disposal policy for households has created a gap allowing incorrect disposal practices that may lead to harming patients and/or the environment. The launching of drug take-back programs may lead to the provision of a clear consensus of governing bodies and healthcare providers on patient guidance for a safe drug disposal policy.

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Section: Recycling Unused Medications Returned By Patients Is Discourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Unused Medications Returned By Patients Is Discourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Disposal and Recycling of Medication in Saudi Arabia: A Call for Introducing Drug Take-Back Programs

Alqurshi¹

2020

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“…Four kinds of spots in saponin sample were eluted from HPTLC plates with methanol, and optical rotation was measured by using WZZ‐1 polarimeter (Shanghai Physico‐Optical Instruments, China) with sodium D line 589.3 nm and 20 °C in methanol solution. The specific rotation was cultivated using the following equation (Malallah et al., 2020):

{[α]}_{λ}^{normalT} = 100 \times α / L \times C

where α is the measured optical rotation in degrees. L is the path length in decimeters, C is the concentration of the liquid in g/mL at the temperature of T , and the wavelength λ in nanometers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of astragaloside I‐IV based on the separation of HPTLC from Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with Astragalus

Yana

Yang

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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In this study, total saponins were extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with Astragalus as one of organic culture substrates. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) assay showed total saponins could be separated effectively, and four kinds of spots were identified as AG I, AG II, AG III, and AG IV, respectively. FTIR spectra based on HPTLC separation assay showed the saponin characteristic groups including-OH, C-H, C=O, and the glycoside linkaged to sapogenin group CO -C, suggesting the four kinds of spots belonged to cycloartane-type triterpene saponins. The primary mass spectra of precursor ion (HPTLC-ESI-MS) assay further proved the main composition of four kinds of spots was AG I-IV, respectively. Physical properties, including the detection of specific rotation and melting point, revealed the separation of high-purity saponin monomer by HPTLC. HPTLC-dual wavelength spectrodensitometric method detection showed that content of astragaloside I-IV was ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/g, and the total astragalosides contents attained to 1.397 mg/g, indicating P. ostreatus could bioaccumulate astragalosides from Astragalus. These results demonstrated the characterization of astragalosides based on the separation of HPTLC was effective, and supported to consider astragalosides-enriched P. ostreatus as functional edible fungus for food and medical applications.

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A study of solid-state epimerisation within lactose powders and implications for milk derived ingredients stored in simulated tropical environmental zones

Alzoubi

Martin²,

Royall³

2023

Food Chemistry

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Solid-state epimerisation and disproportionation of pilocarpine HCl: Why we need a 5-stage approach to validate melting point measurements for heat-sensitive drugs

Abstract: Solid-state epimerisation and disproportionation of pilocarpine HCl: Why we need a 5-stage approach to validate melting point measurements for heat-sensitive drugs, International

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Household Disposal and Recycling of Medication in Saudi Arabia: A Call for Introducing Drug Take-Back Programs

Household Disposal and Recycling of Medication in Saudi Arabia: A Call for Introducing Drug Take-Back Programs

Characterization of astragaloside I‐IV based on the separation of HPTLC from Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with Astragalus

A study of solid-state epimerisation within lactose powders and implications for milk derived ingredients stored in simulated tropical environmental zones

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