Solid‐State Electrolyte Anchored with a Carboxylated Azo Compound for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Abstract

Organic electrode materials are promising for green and sustainable lithium-ion batteries. However, the high solubility of organic materials in the liquid electrolyte results in the shuttle reaction and fast capacity decay. Herein, azo compounds are firstly applied in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB) to suppress the dissolution challenge. Due to the high compatibility of azobenzene (AB) based compounds to Li PS (LPS) solid electrolyte, the LPS solid electrolyte is used to prevent the dissolution and shuttle reaction of AB. To maintain the low interface resistance during the large volume change upon cycling, a carboxylate group is added into AB to provide 4-(phenylazo) benzoic acid lithium salt (PBALS), which could bond with LPS solid electrolyte via the ionic bonding between oxygen in PBALS and lithium ion in LPS. The ionic bonding between the active material and solid electrolyte stabilizes the contact interface and enables the stable cycle life of PBALS in ASSLB.

Natural Compounds Gallic Acid Derivatives for Long‐Life Li/Na Organic Batteries

“…The stable discharge/charge plateaus around 1.0 V are observed, which refers the insertions and withdrawing of Li into/from aromatic rings (equation 2, Figure 3) and contribute more to the discharge capacity of LIBs. [33,35] At 0.1 A g À 1 , the first discharge capacity is 540 mAh g À 1 which is higher than corresponded charge capacity (284 mAh g À 1 ) because of the formation of SEI film. And the second discharge capacity was 297 mAh g À 1 with the coulombic efficiency of 89.9 %.…”

“…The charge plateau around 1.9 and 2.5 V in Figure A shows the delithiation process, and the oxidation reactions occur on the electrode (equation 1, Figure ). The stable discharge/charge plateaus around 1.0 V are observed, which refers the insertions and withdrawing of Li into/from aromatic rings (equation 2, Figure ) and contribute more to the discharge capacity of LIBs . At 0.1 A g −1 , the first discharge capacity is 540 mAh g −1 which is higher than corresponded charge capacity (284 mAh g −1 ) because of the formation of SEI film.…”

“…The capacity retention was maintained for 95 % for LIBs after 50 cycles at 24.1 mA g −1 and 84 % for SIBs after 100 cycles at 19 mA g −1 . By improving π‐π inter‐molecular conjugated interactions and long‐range layer‐by‐layer π‐π stacking of benzoquinone‐based polymers and Li and Na salts of azobenzene compounds, the insolubility, stability, charge transport, ion diffusion, charging‐discharging rates were enhanced remarkably …”

“…By improving π-π inter-molecular conjugated interactions and long-range layerby-layer π-π stacking of benzoquinone-based polymers and Li and Na salts of azobenzene compounds, the insolubility, stability, charge transport, ion diffusion, charging-discharging rates were enhanced remarkably. [32][33][34][35] However, most of these organic electrode materials would cause environmental pollutions and undergo the complex and rigorous synthetic procedures, which are expensive and hard to be applied in the commercial LIBs and SIBs. In the other hand, the low specific capacity and unsatisfied cycling stability are still big problems for developing organic LIBs and SIBs.…”

A Self‐Polymerized Nitro‐Substituted Conjugated Carbonyl Compound as High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Organic Batteries

“…Recently,W ang and co-workersd emonstrated that the N=Ng roups from azo compounds could serve as active sites, whiche nablet he azo compounds to act as high-performance electrode materials. [29][30][31][32] Most strikingly, this type of azo compound could be electrochemically reduced from the nitro compounds, which simplifies the synthetic method. Inspired by thesew orks, using the N=Ng roups as active sites from the electrochemical reduction of nitro compounds to link conjugated carbonyl compounds could endow Conjugated carbonyl compounds have received much attention as cathode materials for developing green lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).…”