Solid‐State Electrochromic Devices via Ionic Self‐Assembled Multilayers (ISAM) of a Polyviologen

Abstract

A PV was synthesized by polymerization of N,N′‐bis(δ‐aminopropyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium bromide hydrobromide (APD) and isophthaloyl chloride (ISP). The PV was completely soluble in water as well as in organic solvents. The spectroelectrochemical and EC properties of the resulting ionic self‐assembled multilayers of PV/poly‐(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPs) were examined by cyclic voltammetry, FT‐IR spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy, optical switching and current density measurements. Solid state devices made of PV films sandwiched with PANI as a counter electrode have switching times of 100–250 ms. 40 Bilayer films of PV/PAMPs show high contrast (ΔT = 61%) in 0.1 M NaClO4 liquid electrolyte solution and CE as high as 57 cm2 · C−1, one of the highest reported so far for any bipyridinium salt system.

High contrast solid state electrochromic devices based on Ruthenium Purple nanocomposites fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly

“…Solid-state devices were fabricated by depositing the LbL film on ITO coated glass in the same way as described in our previous work. 22 Two separate 40bilayer films of PANI-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and LPEI-RuP were taken as complementary anodically and cathodically coloring materials, respectively. The LiClO 4 -PC gel polyelectrolyte used for the solid-state device was synthesized as described by Sonmez et al 23 The solid-state device switches from light blue to dark purple with coloration and decoloration times in the range of 600 ms and 300 ms, respectively, as shown in Fig.…”

Green colouring electrochromic devices of water-soluble polythiophene

“…1,35 The CE, η (cm 2 /C), is the ratio of the change in optical density to the injected/ejected charge per unit area (Q d ) and can be calculated using the equation η = ΔOD/Q d . [36][37][38][39] The change in the optical density at any particular wavelength (λ max ) is calculated according to the equation, ΔOD = log (T bleach /T coloured ), where T bleach and T coloured are the transmittance value of the bleached and coloured state, respectively, of the polymer. The colour change for a film in the electrolyte solution…”

Porous Carbons – Hyperbranched Polymers – Polymer Solvation

“…The photochromic properties of viologen-based films were reported [42,[492][493][494][495]. Thus, electrochromic devices were realized on the basis of poly(viologen)-based multilayers [496] or conjugated structures ( Fig. 46) [497][498][499].…”