Solid state electrochemically synthesised β-SiC nanowires as the anode material in lithium ion batteries

Vishnu, D. Sri Maha; Sure, Jagadeesh; Kim, Hyun Kyung; Kumar, Rupesh; Schwandt, Carsten

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2019.12.041

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The electrolytic products obtained from MgSiO 3 @C varied with increasing cell voltage, which was in accordance with the reduction of SiO 2 @C in molten NKM . However, it was different from the reduction of the SiO 2 @C in molten Ca-based chloride salts, ,, meaning that both cell voltage and MgCl 2 determined the component of electrolytic products. Although the reduction of MgSiO 3 generated more MgO than that of the reduction of SiO 2 , MgO cannot prevent the reaction of Si and carbon above 2.6 V. Therefore, the component of the electrolytic product was determined by the cell voltage in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl 2 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Since the conversion of solid silica/silicates to solid Si experiences the volume shrinkage, the oxide ions could be a natural template to create voids between the dopamine-derived-carbon shell and MgSiO 3 -derived-silicon core. However, the magnesiothermic reduction of SiO 2 @C will generate SiC. − The electrolysis of SiO 2 @C in CaCl 2 -based molten salts will produce SiC. − Thus, making voids between the carbon shell and SiO 2 core needs to suppress reaction kinetics of C and Si, thereby prevents generating SiC. − However, fabricating the voids between SiO 2 and carbon is laborious and costly. Thus, the pleasant way is to convert SiO 2 @C to Si@void@C composites without generating SiC by which oxide ions act as the template to make voids between the dopamine-derived-carbon shell and MgSiO 3 -derived-silicon core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Electrolytic Silicon–Carbon Composites by Tuning the In Situ Magnesium Oxide Space Holder: Molten-Salt Electrolysis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnesium Silicates for Preparing Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Cai

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Fabricating hollow space between a Si core and C shell has been recognized as an efficient strategy for tailoring lithium-storage performances of the silicon–carbon composite anode by resolving the extreme volume expansion of Si. Here, we report a molten-salt electrolysis method for electroreducing carbon-encapsulated magnesium silicate to prepare a Si@void@C composite in MgCl2-containing molten salt. The void space between carbon and silicon comes from the transition from silicate to Si as well as the removal of the in situ generated MgO, and the SiC is suppressed by tailoring the electrode potentials in MgCl2-containing molten salt. In other words, MgO serves as an inert space holder that can be removed by an acid leaching process to create void space. The obtained Si@void@C composite delivers a specific discharge capacity of 900 mAh/g at 1 A/g, even after 300 cycles with a discharge capacity retention rate of 75.5%. Therefore, this study paves an electrochemical pathway to prepare Si@void@C composite anodes using inexpensive feedstocks, and the void space can be tuned by adjusting the amount of MgO space holder.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Electrolytic Silicon–Carbon Composites by Tuning the In Situ Magnesium Oxide Space Holder: Molten-Salt Electrolysis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnesium Silicates for Preparing Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Cai

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Although silicon‐based anodes possess a high capacity, they suffer from severe volumetric expansion (≈ 300%) and inferior electronic conductivity (6.7 × 10 −4 S cm −1 ). [ 46–48 ] The huge volumetric change results in the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and exfoliated Si from current collectors, ultimately leading to a fast decay of capacity and a limited cycling lifespan. [ 49 ] The poor electronic conductivity and low ion diffusion efficiency of the Si anode result in an unsatisfactory rate performance.…”

Section: Applications Of Claysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Clay‐Based Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications

Liu

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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Among various energy storage and conversion materials, functionalized natural clays display significant potentials as electrodes, electrolytes, separators, and nanofillers in energy storage and conversion devices. Natural clays have porous structures, tunable specific surface areas, remarkable thermal and mechanical stabilities, abundant reserves, and cost‐effectiveness. In addition, natural clays deliver the advantages of high ionic conductivity and hydrophilicity, which are beneficial properties for solid‐state electrolytes. This review article provides an overview toward the recent advancements in natural clay‐based energy materials. First, it comprehensively summarizes the structure, classification, and chemical modification methods of natural clays to make them suitable in energy storage and conversion devices. Then, the particular attention is focused on the application of clays in the fields of lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, zinc‐ion batteries, chloride‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, and fuel cells. Finally, the possible future research directions are provided for natural clays as energy materials. This review aims at facilitating the rapid developments of natural clay‐based energy materials through a fruitful discussion from inorganic and materials chemistry aspects, and also promotes the broad sphere of clay‐based materials for other utilization, such as effluent treatment, heavy metal removal, and environmental remediation.

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“…Specifically, after carefully evaluating the best results of Si‐based materials in half and full cells reported so far in literature, [ 92–95 ] their prospects can be summarized as follows: I) Si materials with bulk, [ 96–99 ] core–shell, [ 100–106 ] porous, [ 107–111 ] sandwich, [ 112–114 ] and nanowire [ 115–118 ] structures are synthesized through a variety of strategies, such as magnesiothermic reduction, solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and polymerization. In addition to superior half cell performance, their full cells with conventional LFP and LCO cathodes, high capacity NCM and LiNi x Co y Al z O 2 (NCA, x + y + z = 1) cathodes, as well as high voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LMNO) cathodes have also been developed to balance their cost, energy densities, and lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐Based Lithium Ion Battery Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art from Half and Full Cell Viewpoint

Guo

Dong

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

107

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Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been occupying the dominant position in energy storage devices. Over the past 30 years, silicon (Si)‐based materials are the most promising alternatives for graphite as LIB anodes due to their high theoretical capacities and low operating voltages. Nevertheless, their extensive volume changes in battery operation causes the structural collapse of Si‐based electrodes, as well as severe side reactions. In this review, the preparation methods and structure optimizations of Si‐based materials are highlighted, as well as their applications in half and full cells. Meanwhile, the developments of promising electrolytes, binders and separators that match Si‐based electrodes in half and full cells have made great progress. Pre‐lithiation technology has been introduced to compensate for irreversible Li+ consumption during battery operation, thereby improving the energy densities and lifetime of Si‐based full cells. More importantly, almost all related mechanisms of Si‐based electrodes in half and full cells are summarized in detail. It is expected to provide a comprehensive insight on how to develop high‐performance Si‐based full cells. The work can help us understand what happens during the lithiation process, the primary causes of Si‐based half and full cells failure, and strategies to overcome these challenges.

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Solid state electrochemically synthesised β-SiC nanowires as the anode material in lithium ion batteries

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Engineering Electrolytic Silicon–Carbon Composites by Tuning the In Situ Magnesium Oxide Space Holder: Molten-Salt Electrolysis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnesium Silicates for Preparing Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Engineering Electrolytic Silicon–Carbon Composites by Tuning the In Situ Magnesium Oxide Space Holder: Molten-Salt Electrolysis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnesium Silicates for Preparing Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Natural Clay‐Based Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications

Silicon‐Based Lithium Ion Battery Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art from Half and Full Cell Viewpoint

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