Solid state diffusion and reactive phase formation

Abstract

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A brief review of selected aspects of the materials science of ball bonding

“…24, the general forms of Fick's laws that use chemical potential are preferable over special cases that use concentration. The driving force for diffusion is then due to a chemical potential or activity gradient contained in the thermodynamic factor [131,132]. An expression for the diffusion co-efficient of species i in a binary diffusion couple is [132]:…”

Interface Reactions and Synthetic Reaction of Composite Systems

“…SiC/Ni (type I) and SiC/Cr (type II) interface reactions have been examined in detail to identify the entire diffusion pathway. Since both reactions have been well documented in previous works [ 20 , 21 ], efforts have been concentrated on defining the main distinguishing points. It has been reported that the formation of a periodic morphology is due to the difference of individual element mobility.…”

“…It has been reported that the formation of a periodic morphology is due to the difference of individual element mobility. For the SiC/Ni system, Ni is the main moving component, while carbon is immobile [ 20 ]. Since the knowledge of the kinetic behavior of components during periodic phase formation is important for understanding the reaction kinetics, SiC/Ni (type I) reaction couples were prepared and investigated.…”

“…The reaction product sequence and interface morphology in SiC/metal reactions depend mainly on the contact materials. The products of an SiC/Ni reaction, for example, show a periodic morphology composed of alternating carbon and silicides [ 19 , 20 ]; in contrast, the products of the an SiC/Cr reaction reveal planar layers of carbides and silicides [ 21 ]. For the SiC/metal reactions, the irregular morphology of product phases with complex kinetics during interdiffusion reactions has caused a difficulties in understanding the kinetic behavior of SiC/metal.…”

Two Remarks on Wagner Integrated Diffusion Coefficient

“…Below we suggest the very simple measure of the joining magnitude and its interrelation with Wagner integrated diffusion coefficients. Integrated diffusion coefficient was introduced by Carl Wagner, and is commonly used to simplify the kinetic description of the intermediate phases with a narrow concentration range (compounds) growing in the diffusion zone [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Very often, the concentration range of growing compounds is so narrow that it is difficult to measure it, and even more difficult to measure the concentration gradient inside the compound layer.…”