Solid‐state Characterization Techniques

Newman, Ann; Wenslow, Robert M.

doi:10.1002/9781119046233.ch3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Various noninvasive techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are widely employed to characterize the structure of complex organic materials via point analysis and imaging. These techniques are used to probe the speciation and relative quantity of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. − The advantage of these noninvasive techniques is that unaltered, solid samples can be analyzed, without their decomposition and destruction. Yet, each technique has limitations, and carbon speciation remains challenging due to a multitude of experimental constraints including sample preparation complexity, sample environment, probed depth and sensitivity, and spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Raman Scattering: A Hard X-ray Probe of Complex Organic Systems

et al. 2022

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This paper provides a review of the characterization of organic systems via X‑ray Raman scattering (XRS) and a step-by-step guidance for its application. We present the fundamentals of XRS required to use the technique and discuss the main parameters of the experimental set-ups to optimize spectral and spatial resolution while maximizing signal-to-background ratio. We review applications that target the analysis of mixtures of organic compounds, the identification of minor spectral features, and the spatial discrimination in heterogeneous systems. We discuss the recent development of the direct tomography technique, which utilizes the XRS process as a contrast mechanism for assessing the three-dimensional spatially resolved carbon chemistry of complex organic materials. We conclude by exposing the current limitations and provide an outlook on how to overcome some of the existing challenges and advance future developments and applications of this powerful technique for complex organic systems.

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