Solid‐State Absorption, Luminescence, and Singlet Fission of Furanyl‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrroles with Different π‐Stacking Arrangements

Abstract

Small modifications of the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecular structure induced remarkable changes in its spectral and photophysical behavior. Using furan (F) heterosubstitution instead of thiophene (T) substituent resulted in a small blue shift and decreased Huang‐Rhys factor of the absorption spectra in solution, irrespectively to N, N´‐alkyls. Branching of alkyl side chains by formal 2‐ethylation of n‐hexyl substituent (C6 to EH) switched the slipped‐stack arrangement, irrespectively on the heteroatoms. Consequent changes in steady‐state absorption spectra of thin films were interpreted using time dependent density functional theory calculations, carried out on model dimers. Solid‐state luminescence is weak and partially dependent on an excitation wavelength. Singlet fission was observed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, with considerably different yields for variously π‐stacked FDPP‐EH (30 %) and FDPP‐C6 (160 %). The shape of triplet‐triplet absorption spectra was also influenced by various π‐stacking. The results are discussed in terms of different mixing of both Frenkel and charge transfer states in model dimers and different excitonic and electronic coupling in both types of π‐stacks, visualized by natural transition orbitals.

Photophysics of Benzoxazole and Dicyano Functionalised Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives: Insights into Ultrafast Processes and the Triplet State

“…In both materials, we observe long-time sharp spectral feature, typically identified as a triplet state. [7,18,19,21] When R-BOX was excited at 625 nm with a pump energy of 18 nJ/pulse, it produced a triplet yield of around 110%.…”

“…[6,[13][14][15][16][17] DPPs are also explored due to its potential for singlet fission. [7,[18][19][20][21][22][23] The possibility of generating two excitons from a single photon is appealing in the frame of increasing solar cell's efficiency. This process is exoenergetic in nature where two triplets are formed from a singlet (𝐸 𝑆 1 > 2 × 𝐸 𝑇 1 ).…”