Solid state 13C-NMR methodology for the cellulose composition studies of the shells of Prunus dulcis and their derived cellulosic materials

Modica, Aurora; Rosselli, Sergio; Catinella, Giorgia; Sottile, Francesco; Catania, Caterina; Cavallaro, Giuseppe; Botta, Luigi; Spinella, Alberto; Bruno, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116290

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Two different MCC samples were used as fillers for the preparation of biocomposites: a commercial sample (hereafter coded as c-MCC) supplied by Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) (code: 435236, Lot: #MKCD7414, obtained from cotton linter [ 26 ]) and a sample obtained by alkaline treatment from softwood almond ( Prunus dulcis ) shells (hereafter coded as as-MCC). The as-MCC particles were obtained as reported in a previous work [ 16 ]. In brief, almond shells were ground and treated in an alkaline environment to remove hemicelluloses and lignin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, cellulose represents a potential easy-available and inexpensive source of raw material for the increasing demand for eco-friendly products [ 16 ]. The utilization of micro or nano-scaled cellulosic particles acctracts both academic and industrial interest as fillers for biocompostable composites preparation [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, MCC extracted from the wheat stalk ( Triticum aestivum ) was successfully used as filler for PBAT matrix, demonstrating to act as reinforcing phase for this polymer [ 25 ]. In our previous work [ 16 ], MCC particles were successfully extracted from softwood almond ( Prunus dulcis ) shells via an alkaline treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PBAT Based Composites Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Softwood Almond Shells

et al. 2021

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This study explores the processability, mechanical, and thermal properties of biocompostable composites based on poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as polymer matrix and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) derived from softwood almond (Prunus dulcis) shells (as-MCC) as filler at two different weight concentration, i.e., 10 wt% and 20 wt%. The materials were processed by melt mixing and a commercial MCC (c-MCC) was used as filler comparison. The fibrillar shape of as-MCC particles was found to change the rheological behavior of PBAT, particularly at the highest concentration. The melt mixing processing allowed obtaining a uniform dispersion of both kinds of fillers, slightly reducing the L/D ratio of as-MCC fibers. The as-MCC particles led to a higher increase of the elastic modulus of PBAT if compared to the c-MCC counterparts. Both the MCC fillers caused a drastic reduction of the elongation at break, although it was higher than 120% also at the highest filler concentrations. DSC analysis revealed that both MCC fillers poorly affected the matrix crystallinity, although as-MCC induced a slight PBAT crystallinity increase from 8.8% up to 10.9% for PBAT/as-MCC 20%. Therefore, this work demonstrates the great potential of MCC particles derived from almond shells as filler for biocompostable composites fabrication.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PBAT Based Composites Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Softwood Almond Shells

et al. 2021

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“…The skin was added to the jam in different concentrations: 20, 15, and 10% ( w / w ). Previously, Castelminiti almond skin showed the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with percentages of 38.5, 28.8, and 29.5%, respectively [ 51 ]. These fibres may contribute to the functional properties of the investigated jam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almond (Prunus dulcis cv. Casteltermini) Skin Confectionery By-Products: New Opportunity for the Development of a Functional Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) Jam

et al. 2021

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This work proposes for the first time a model for reusing almond (Prunus dulcis cv. Casteltermini from Sicily, Southern Italy) skin to formulate a new functional blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) jam. For this purpose, blackberries were analysed fresh and as jam, traditionally prepared with a minimum fruit amount of 80%. Different percentages of almond skin (20, 15, and 10% w/w) were added to jam. The phytochemical profile of enriched jam was investigated by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS analyses. Anthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins, and triterpenoids were identified in a blackberry extract, while proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and oxylipins were identified in an almond extract. The n-hexane extract of P. dulcis skin, investigated by GC–MS, evidenced linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids as the main abundant compounds. Samples were investigated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, β-carotene, and FRAP tests. The hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects were studied by α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory assays. In order to evaluate the effect of thermal process on enriched jam bioactivity, pasteurisation was applied. An increase in activities for all samples was observed, in particular for jam enriched with 20% w/w of almond skin. Based on obtained data, and supported by sensory analysis, we propose enriched jam as a promising source of compounds useful for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress.

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“…Almonds in shell are able to better maintain the phenolic and antioxidant framework, requires less energy but it is much more challenging for the space needed in dedicated environments and with controlled temperature. The storage of almonds in vacuum, however, requires much less space and a prompt response to market needs; however, almonds must be stored under full control of the cold chain, with controlled humidity and temperature, and at the same time it determines a more complex and articulated management of the shell that would be produced all at once, not gradually but just immediately after harvesting, flooding the companies that, on the contrary, would manage the disposal or reuse in a more gradual way according to many industrial hypothesis (50). It remains to be verified, indeed, whether the shortand medium-term storage at low temperature of vacuum shelled almonds may have affected the polyphenolic profile; it appears quite conflicting and, above all, it does not seem to respond to well-defined and certain biological indications (51,52).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-harvest Industrial Processes of Almond (Prunus dulcis L. Mill) in Sicily Influence the Nutraceutical Properties of By-Products at Harvest and During Storage

2021

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Almond cultivation in Sicily is experiencing a phase of great interest which is mainly concentrated in the development of specialized orchards, with irrigation and by adopting cultivars with high qualitative and quantitative performances. These are mostly Mediterranean genotypes with high fat content and hard or semi-hard shell, extremely different from the varieties of Californian diffusion. The development of the sector comprises the primary production of almonds but also a series of secondary products which often represent a burden for the company. From these considerations several researches have been developed with the aim of giving a value to these by-products through circular economy paths. One of the by-products widely produced, besides the shell, is the skin which covers the seed and is produced during the peeling phase. It is well-known that tegument is an important component of almond because it contains important bioactive substances (phenols and aromas) which are usually dispersed during peeling. This paper examined three different Italian cultivars widely spread in Sicily, two of Apulian origin, (Genco and Tuono), and one locally cultivated variety (Vinci a tutti). These three cultivars occupy an increasingly large area and are very popular with consumers and industry. The production of secondary products, therefore, evidences significant quantities and the possibility to give them an added value becomes a need for the sector. Therefore, the content of phenols and proanthocyanins in the skin at harvest and during storage was analyzed, adopting two different separation methods, with and without water. During the analysis it was possible to observe the different behavior of the three cultivars due to genetic and industrial factors. Skin separated without using hot water showed a higher total phenolic presence with average increases of about 20%, and with even higher increases, between 28 and 32%, for proanthocyanins. Vinci a tutti evidenced the highest total phenolic content after 8 months of storing while roasting has revealed to be a more effective skin separation approach.

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Solid state 13C-NMR methodology for the cellulose composition studies of the shells of Prunus dulcis and their derived cellulosic materials

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

PBAT Based Composites Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Softwood Almond Shells

PBAT Based Composites Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Softwood Almond Shells

Almond (Prunus dulcis cv. Casteltermini) Skin Confectionery By-Products: New Opportunity for the Development of a Functional Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) Jam

Post-harvest Industrial Processes of Almond (Prunus dulcis L. Mill) in Sicily Influence the Nutraceutical Properties of By-Products at Harvest and During Storage

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