Solid solutions of antimony, arsenic, and gold in stibnite (Sb 2 S 3 ), orpiment (As 2 S 3 ), and realgar (As 2 S 2 )

Dickson, F. W.; Radtke, Arthur S.; Weissberg, B. G.; Heropoulos, Chris

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.70.3.591

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The source of fluids for Carlin‐type deposits in Nevada and Utah, USA and also the Dian‐Qian‐Gui area in China is currently debated as being derived from: (i) meteoric fluids (Dickinson et al . 1975; Radtke et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of¯uids for Carlin-type deposits in Nevada and Utah, USA and also the Dian-Qian-Gui area in China is currently debated as being derived from: (i) meteoric¯uids (Dickinson et al 1975;Radtke et al 1980;Ashley et al Fig. 8 (Sillitoe & Bonham 1990;Cline et al 1997); (iii) metamorphic¯uids ); (iv) brine¯uids (Emsbo et al 1999;Emsbo 2000); and (v) combinations of these¯uids with variable and evolved compositions (Bagby & Berger 1985;Rhomberger 1990;Kuehn & Rose 1995;Hofstra & Cline 2000;Hofstra & Christensen 2002).…”

Section: Source Of¯uidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geological setting, nature of ore fluids and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Fu Ning Carlin‐type gold deposits, Yunnan Province, China

Cromie¹,

Zaw²

2003

Geofluids

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Carlin‐type gold deposits in southern China are present in Palaeozoic to Mesozoic siliciclastic and carbonate rocks. The border region of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces contains gold deposits on the south‐western margin of the Pre‐Cambrian South China Craton in south‐eastern Yunnan Province. The Fu Ning gold deposits host epigenetic, micron‐sized disseminated gold in: (i) Middle Devonian (D1p) black carbonaceous mudstone at the Kuzhubao gold deposit and (ii) fault breccia zones at the contact between Triassic gabbro (β\mathrm{\mu} ^{1}_{5}) and the Devonian mudstone (D1p) at the Bashishan gold deposit. The deposits are associated with zones of intense deformation with enhanced permeability and porosity that focused hydrothermal fluid flow, especially where low‐angle N‐S striking thrust faults are cut by NW striking strike‐slip and/or NE striking normal faults. Major sulphide ore minerals in the Fu Ning gold deposits are pyrite, arsenopyrite, arsenic‐rich pyrite, stibnite and minor iron‐poor sphalerite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, calcite, ankerite and chlorite. Hypogene ore grades range from 1 to 7 g t−1 Au and up to 18 g t−1 Au at the Kuzhubao gold deposit and are generally less than 3 g t−1 Au at the Bashishan gold deposit. Sub‐microscopic gold mineralization is associated with finely disseminated arsenic‐rich pyrite in the Stage III mineral assemblage. Two types of primary fluid inclusions have been recorded: Type I liquid–vapour inclusions with moderate‐to‐high liquid/vapour ratios, and Type II inclusions containing moderate liquid/vapour ratios with CO2 as determined from laser Raman analysis. Temperature of homogenization (Th) data collected from these primary fluid inclusions in gold‐ore Stage III quartz ranged from 180 to 275°C at the Kuzhubao gold deposit and 210 to 330°C at the Bashishan gold deposit. Salinity results indicate that there were possibly two fluids present during gold deposition, including: (i) an early fluid with 0.8–6.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent, similar to salinity in shear‐zone‐hosted gold deposits with metamorphic derived fluids; and (ii) a late fluid with 11.8–13.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent, indicating possible derivation from connate waters and/or brine sources. CO2 and trace CH4 were only detected by laser Raman spectrometry in gold‐ore‐stage primary fluid inclusions. Results of sulphur isotope studies showed that δ34S values for pyrite and arsenopyrite associated with gold‐ore mineralization during Stage III at the Kuzhubao and Bashishan gold deposits are isotopically similar and moderately heavy with a range from +9 to +15 per mil, and also fall into the range of δ34S values reported for Carlin‐type gold deposits. Sulphur isotopes suggest that the Fu Ning gold deposits were formed from connate waters and/or basinal brines. Fluid geochemistry data from the Fu Ning gold deposits suggest a Carlin‐type genetic model, involving fluid mixing between: (i) deep CO2‐rich metamorphic fluids, (ii) moderately saline, reduced connate waters and/or basinal brines; and (iii) evo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Of¯uidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological setting, nature of ore fluids and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Fu Ning Carlin‐type gold deposits, Yunnan Province, China

Cromie¹,

Zaw²

2003

Geofluids

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“…3b) suggest that the biologically-formed FeS can also reduce Sb(V) to Sb(III), resulting in the formation of Sb2S3. The mineral stibnite (Sb2S3) often forms in tandem with realgar (As4S4) (Dickson et al, 1975). The XPS spectra for Cr (Fig.…”

Section: Removal Mechanisms Of As Sb and Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling effect of Fe 3+ (aq) and biological, nano-sized FeS-coated limestone on the removal of redox-sensitive contaminants (As, Sb and Cr): Implications for in situ passive treatment of acid mine drainage

Zhou

Dong

Liu

et al. 2017

Applied Geochemistry

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Nano-sized FeS particles have been shown to improve the adsorption performance in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technologies that are used to treat acid mine drainage. To investigate the coupling effect of Fe 3+ and biological nano-sized FeS on removal of redox-sensitive contaminants and the permeability of a limestone system, Fe-reducing bacteria (FRB) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were used to form nano-sized FeS coatings on limestone grains. For initial acidic solutions containing 0.5 mg/L As(V), Cr(VI) and Sb(V), retardation factors increase from 26, 5 and 7, respectively, in a limestone-only (pristine) system to >>367, 89 and 9, respectively, in an FeScoated limestone system, and to 345, 367 and 308, respectively, in an FeS-Fe 3+ (aq) system. The permeability coefficient of the FeS-coated limestone system is better than that of the pristine limestone system, but declines to two-thirds of the pristine limestone system in the presence of Fe 3+ (aq), possibly due to the formation of secondary ferric hydroxides. XPS analysis suggests that the FeS particles are effective at reducing As(V), Sb(V) and Cr(VI) and removing them from solution. These results demonstrate that FeS particles improve retention of redox-sensitive contaminants with and without Fe 3+ (aq). These new findings give new insights on the coupling effect of redox systems used in PRBs.

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“…Antimony probably substitutes for As, as at Carlin. 8,20 Massive orpiment contains inclusions of Tl-bearing minerals, stibnite and minute grains of metallic gold, which can be seen by optical microscopy. Coarsely crystalline orpiment has inclusions of coloradoite aggregates and anhedral arsenian pyrite.…”

Section: Assemblage 1: As-sb Sulphide and Sulphosalt Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microprobe analyses of stibnite grains show an average 3.97 wt% As. As at Carlin, this As occurs in solid solution 8 or as fine-grained As minerals.…”

Section: Assemblage 1: As-sb Sulphide and Sulphosalt Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphosalts at Zarshuran Carlin-like gold deposit, northwest Iran: implications for gold mineralization

Asadi

Voncken²,

Hale

2001

Applied Earth Science

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Solid solutions of antimony, arsenic, and gold in stibnite (Sb 2 S 3 ), orpiment (As 2 S 3 ), and realgar (As 2 S 2 )

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Geological setting, nature of ore fluids and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Fu Ning Carlin‐type gold deposits, Yunnan Province, China

Geological setting, nature of ore fluids and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Fu Ning Carlin‐type gold deposits, Yunnan Province, China

Coupling effect of Fe 3+ (aq) and biological, nano-sized FeS-coated limestone on the removal of redox-sensitive contaminants (As, Sb and Cr): Implications for in situ passive treatment of acid mine drainage

Sulphosalts at Zarshuran Carlin-like gold deposit, northwest Iran: implications for gold mineralization

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