Solid residues from Italian municipal solid waste incinerators: A source for “critical” raw materials

Characterization of chlorine and heavy metals for the potential recycling of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerators as cement additives

“…Cr, Mn and Cu are less volatile than zinc and cadmium and thus tend to be transferred to the bottom ash during incineration. In summary, the bottom ash showed high concentrations of the following heavy metals (in decreasing order of abundance): Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr, which was in accordance with the previous reports about MSW incineration residuals [17]. Besides, the Zn and Pb content in each sample was both nearly 1 g$kg -1 .…”

“…Besides, the Zn and Pb content in each sample was both nearly 1 g$kg -1 . These similar analyzed content of two main enriched heavy metals in bottom ash with previous literature also partially verified the representativeness of the collected samples [12,17]. There were significant differences among the heavy metal contents of the different MSWI bottom ash samples.…”

The rare earth elements in municipal solid waste incinerators ash and promising tools for their prospecting

“…The FA samples (RSD% = 69) exhibit a larger variance of values than BA samples (RSD% = 28). The high values found in BA are clearly a response to high heavy metals loads [20] that partition in BA materials [7,8] and likely derive from metallic sheets, barrels and cans, remaining in the bottom materials.…”

“…Directly from the BA storage site, the heap of several tons of BA material was first sampled following the approach as in [8]. Three subsamples from the heap were blended from a large number of increments and roughly divided on site by the quartering method through a loader machine.…”

“…Analyses were performed at the Department of General and Analytical Chemistry of Montanuniversität Leoben (Austria). The description of the analytical procedure followed for the analyses of MSWI samples can be found elsewhere [8]. Major and …”