Solid-phase ripening of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) nanoparticles: Effects of temperature and solvent vapour

He, Shan-shan; Zhang, Haobin; Li, Gang; Xu, Jinjiang; Huang, Shiliang; Qi, Tian-jiao; Huang, Bing; Bai, Liangfei; Li, Shichun; Liu, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.enmf.2022.11.002

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The change of internal voids of HNS under temperature shock was not presented here because the specific surface area of HNS particles decreases obviously after temperature shock. The decrease in the specific surface area of HNS was caused by the solid-phase ripening during the temperature shock …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in the specific surface area of HNS was caused by the solid-phase ripening during the temperature shock. 27 Isothermal DSC experiments were carried out in a sealed crucible to study the effect of internal voids on the thermal stability of LLM-105. A sealed crucible can make the decomposition products produced during heating not easy to dissipate, so as to make the heat release more complete, and effectively reduce the influence of purge gas in the DSC test.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the above methods cannot well characterize the internal voids in ultrafine explosives. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize internal voids in inorganic nano-materials, but its electron beams damage explosives. − Small angle scattering (SAS) that acquires scattering signals of X-ray or neutron caused by the nonuniform density in samples is an effective method to obtain quantitative information on void structures and fractal characteristics. − The voids detected by SAS include both open pores between particles and internal voids. In order to detect only the voids inside the particles, the internal structure information and external structure information of the complex system can be distinguished by using contrast-variation small angle scattering (CV-SAS). − During the measurement of CV-SAS, a matching solution that has the same density as samples was used to fill the gap between particles, which avoids any scattering caused by the particle gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-Voids in Ultrafine Explosive Particles: Characterization and Effects on Thermal Stability

et al. 2023

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Ultrafine explosives show high safety and reliable initiation and have been widely used in aerospace, military, and industrial systems. The outstanding performance of ultrafine explosives is largely given by the unique void defects according to the simulation results. However, the structures and effects of internal nano-voids in ultrafine explosive particles have been rarely investigated experimentally. In this work, contrast-variation small angle X-ray scattering was verified to reliably measure the structures of internal nano-voids in ultrafine explosive 2,6diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) and 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitro diphenylethylene (HNS). The size of nano-voids is around 10 nm, and the estimated number of nanovoids in a single particle is considerable. Moreover, the thermal stability of ultrafine LLM-105 was improved via changing the structures of nano-voids. This work provides a methodology for the study of nano-void defects in ultrafine organic particles and may pave the path to enhance the performance of ultrafine explosives via defect engineering.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%