Solid‐phase radioimmunoassay of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies to human rotavirus

Sarkkinen, Hannu; Meurman, Olli; Halonen, Pekka

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890030406

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cultures of LLC‐MK2 cells were infected with Nebraska calf diarrhoea (NCD) virus in the presence of trypsin [9]. After adsorption, basal medium containing bovine serum albumin and trypsin was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infections and development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies during the first 2 years of life

Blomqvist¹,

Juhela²,

Erkkilä

et al. 2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARY Rotavirus, the most common cause of childhood gastroenteritis, has been implicated as one of the viral triggers of diabetes‐associated autoimmunity. To study the possible association between rotavirus infections and the development of diabetes‐associated autoantibodies, we measured the prevalence of rotavirus antibodies in serum samples collected at 3–6‐month intervals up to the age of 2 years from 177 children selected from consecutive newborns because they carried HLA‐DQB1 alleles associated with increased risk for type 1 diabetes. Twenty‐nine of the children developed at least two of four diabetes‐associated autoantibodies (ICA, IAA, GADA or IA‐2A) during the first 2 years of life (the cases), whereas 148 children remained autoantibody‐negative matched with the cases for date of birth, gender, living region and HLA‐DQB1 alleles. The temporal association between the development of the first‐appearing diabetes‐associated autoantibody and rotavirus infections was studied by analysing whether the cases had a diagnostic increase in rotavirus antibody titre more often during the 6‐month period that preceded seroconversion to autoantibody positivity than the controls. By the age of 12 months one of the 13 case children (7%), who had a serum sample drawn at that age and who had developed at least one type of diabetes‐associated autoantibodies, had experienced a rotavirus infection, while 12 of the 61 (20%) autoantibody‐negative control children had had a rotavirus infection. By 18 months, four of the 22 autoantibody‐positive cases (18%) and 18 of the 89 controls (20%) had rotavirus antibodies, and by the age of 24 months the respective numbers were five of the 27 cases (19%) and 32 of the 113 (28%) controls. A rotavirus infection occurred during the 6 months preceding the sample which was positive for an autoantibody in four of the 25 periods (16%) for which both necessary samples were available, while the controls had a rotavirus infection during 55 of the 370‐such periods (15%). Accordingly, our data suggest that rotavirus infections are unlikely triggers of beta‐cell autoimmunity in young children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infections and development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies during the first 2 years of life

Blomqvist¹,

Juhela²,

Erkkilä

et al. 2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…The Nebraska Calf Diarrhoea (NCD) strain (G serotype 6, P serotype 6) of bovine rotavirus was propagated in LLC-MK2 cells as reported [14]. The Wa strain (G serotype 1 A, P serotype 1) of human rotavirus was kindly donated by Dr L. Maunula (University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland).…”

Section: Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus-specific T-cell responses in young prospectively followed-up children

Mäkelä

Marttila

Simell

et al. 2004

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYRotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in young children. Antibodies seem to protect against rotavirus infection but cell-mediated immune responses are probably also important for protection. We evaluated the development of T-cell responses to rotavirus in follow-up samples from 20 healthy children with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Blood samples from 16 healthy adults were also available for the study. T-cell proliferation was analysed at 3-6 month intervals from the age of 3 months to the age of 4-5 years using the Wa strain of human rotavirus and the NCDV strain of bovine rotavirus as antigens. IgG and IgA antibodies to rotavirus were studied from simultaneously drawn plasma samples with EIA method using NCDV as an antigen. A total of 24 infections were revealed by antibody analysis. Sixteen children showed diagnostic increases in both IgG and IgA antibodies to rotavirus, while 5 children showed increases in IgA antibodies only and 3 in IgG only. Antibody rises were accompanied by T-cell responses to rotavirus (SI > 3) in 9 of the 24 cases. T-cell responses to purified or lysed human rotavirus were stronger after a rise in rotavirus antibodies than the responses before infection ( P = 0·017 and 0·027, respectively). There was a correlation between Tcell responses to purified and lysed human rotavirus and NCDV. Strong T-cell responses to rotavirus were transient and the ability to respond usually disappeared in one year, but in all adults T-cell responses to rotavirus were strong implicating that several infections are needed to develop consistent, strong T-cell responsiveness.

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“…In studies of natural infection, the CF test, ELISA, and neutralization assay have all been sensitive in detecting seroresponses to rotavirus. The CF test detected antibody rises in 75 to 85% of children and adults with rotavirus diarrhea but appeared to be an insensitive method of detecting seroresponses in infants under 6 months of age, on the basis of small numbers (10,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, plaque reduction neutralization assay, and complement fixation in detecting seroresponses to rotavirus vaccine candidates

et al. 1989

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In a phase 1 study to evaluate human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccines, 116 infants 1 to 5 months of age received one of the following five preparations: the serotype 1 reassortant, the serotype 2 reassortant, rhesus rotavirus (serotype 3), a bivalent preparation (serotypes 1 and 3), or a placebo. Seroresponses to the different vaccines were measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNA); rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs); and complement fixation (CF). The seroresponse rate, calculated by using a fourfold or greater antibody rise by any assay, was similar in the four vaccine groups (83 to 96%). When the data from all the vaccinees were pooled, IgA ELISA, IgG ELISA, and PRNA were comparable in detecting seroresponses (67, 62, and 70%, respectively) and more efficient than IgM ELISA (53%) and CF (44%). When the vaccinees were analyzed by age, the overall seroresponse rates were the same for infants 1 to 2 and 3 to 5 months old (90%). The IgA ELISA and PRNA were the most efficient for detecting antibody rises in both age groups. IgG ELISA was among the least efficient methods for detecting antibody rises in the younger age group but among the most efficient in the older age group (44 versus 78%). CF was among the least efficient methods in both age groups but was significantly better in the older age group than in the younger age group (54 versus 21%). Our findings show that ELISA, in particular rotavirus-specific IgA ELISA, is a sensitive indicator of vaccine takes in 1-to 5-month-old infants, the target population for vaccination. The ELISA should also be very useful in demonstrating natural rotavirus infections in field studies in which a stool specimen from a diarrheal episode is not always available. The ELISA has the advantages of being easier and quicker and requiring less serum than PRNA, but it does not give serotype-specific information about the immune response. * Corresponding author. tant human rotavirus serotypes are represented by the reassortants (serotypes 1, 2, and 4) and RRV (serotype 3). An integral part of early trials with these different rotavirus vaccine candidates is the evaluation of their immunogenicity. In this study, serologic responses in 1to 5-month-old

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Solid‐phase radioimmunoassay of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies to human rotavirus

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Rotavirus infections and development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies during the first 2 years of life

Rotavirus infections and development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies during the first 2 years of life

Rotavirus-specific T-cell responses in young prospectively followed-up children

Comparison of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, plaque reduction neutralization assay, and complement fixation in detecting seroresponses to rotavirus vaccine candidates

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