Solid-phase microextraction of monocyclic aromatic amines using novel fibers coated with crown ether

Zeng, Zhaorui; Qiu, Wenli; Yang, Min; Wei, Xuan; Huang, Zhi; Li, Fang

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01303-6

Cited by 110 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Zeng et al (12) also bonded crown ethers to the side chain of polysiloxane to obtain a new coating, which had a very high capacity in extracting phenols compounds. Some crown ethers with other substitutes were also bonded to the side chain of polysiloxane as SPME coatings ( Figure 2) (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) to extract many kinds of organic compounds, such as organophosphorous pesticides, and showed excellent extraction characteristics for many organic compounds. Recently, the group of Zeng (19) also bonded calyx [4]arenes to the side chain of polysiloxane (Figure 3), which has a good ability to extract a supermolecule, and it also has good selectivity for polar aromatic amine compounds.…”

Section: Coatings Based On Organosiloxane Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coatings and Coating Techniques

et al. 2006

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(SPME) has been popular as an environmentally friendly sample pretreatment technique to extract a very wide range of analytes. This is partly owing to the development of SPME coatings. One of the key factors affecting the extraction performances, such as the sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility, is the properties of the coatings on SPME fibers. This paper classifies the materials used as SPME coatings and introduces some common preparation techniques of SPME coating in detail, such as sol-gel technique, electrochemical polymerization technique, particle direct pasting technique, restricted access matrix SPME technique, and molecularly imprinted SPME technique. IntroductionSolid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique developed by Pawliszyn et al. (1,2). The process of SPME includes two major operation steps: extraction and desorption. Because both extraction and desorption take place on the coatings, the properties of the coatings determine the performance of SPME. Based on this fact, the development of new coatings has been in great demand for a long time. In recent years, the quantity of papers discussing new coatings for SPME has increased rapidly. In this paper, many of the present coatings are classified, and the common preparation techniques are described in detail. Discussion The classifying of coatingsIn the book Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction, Górecki (3) sorted the coatings from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA) into two different categories: high-viscosity liquid coatings and solid coatings. He also described the extraction mechanism for both kinds of coatings, respectively. For liquid coatings, the extraction of analytes is obtained by the absorption, in which the analytes can transfer from the surface of coatings to the inside. This kind of coating includes the common stationary phases polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA). For solid coatings, the extraction of analytes is based on adsorption, in which the analytes may only stay on the surface of the coatings. Some composite coatings such as PDMS-divinylbenzene (DVB), carbowax-DVB, carbowax-templete resin, etc. from Supelco are solid coatings with porous surfaces. They can only extract analytes by adsorption. During the extraction process, the mechanism of adsorption is much more complex than absorption.With the development of the SPME technique, more and more new materials are utilized in the preparation of coatings. More than half of currently available coatings are solid coatings. However, they are divided by the properties of the materials; the solid coatings are multifarious. Based on organic and inorganic types, there are two primary kinds of coatings: organic and inorganic. Organic coatingOrganic polymer materials are the first kind of material used as SPME coatings. Because traditional SPME fibers utilize fusedsilica fiber as solid-phase carriers, compared with inorganic materials, organic polymer materials are easier to affix with fiber. In addition, at high temperature, the thermal coefficien...

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Section: Coatings Based On Organosiloxane Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coatings and Coating Techniques

et al. 2006

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“…Malik and coworkers described the preparation of sol-gel polytetrahydrofuran [18] and dendrimer [19] coatings for capillary microextraction of both polar and nonpolar analytes from aqueous solutions. In our group, hydroxyl-crown ether [20,21], calixarene [22,23], poly(methylphenylvinylsiloxane) [24], silicone/divinylbenzene (DVB) [25], and open crown ether [26] coated fibers have been prepared with this technique. Compared with conventional SPME fibers, they showed better selectivity and sensitivity toward polar, nonpolar, and high-boiling compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sol-gel calixarene [22,23] fiber possessed particular selectivity to nonpolar aromatic compounds owing to the p-p interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and cavity-shaped cyclic molecular structure. Sol-gel crown ether [20,21] fiber shows us a good application prospect because of its unique selectivity to polar compounds resulting from its cavity structure and the strong electronegative effect of heteroatom on the crown ether ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High extraction efficiency fiber coated with calix[4] open‐chain crown ether for solid‐phase microextraction of polar aromatic and aliphatic compounds

Liu

Zeng²,

Lei

et al. 2005

J of Separation Science

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The calix[4] open-chain crown ether, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-di(2-allyloxyethoxyl)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene was synthesized and used for preparation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers of enhanced extraction efficiency. The new SPME coating made from calix[4] open-chain crown ether and hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil was developed with the aid of vinyltriethoxylsilane as bridge using sol-gel method and cross-linking technology. The efficiency of the novel fiber in the extraction of polar aromatic and aliphatic compounds, such as phenols, alcohols, and volatile fatty acids, was also investigated. Due to the introduction of the polar open-chain crown ether in calix[4]arene molecules, the calix[4] open-chain crown ether fiber showed much better selectivity and sensitivity to these polar compounds in comparison with calix[4]arene fiber. It also had superior extraction efficiency when compared to commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane)-divinylbenzene and polyacrylate fibers. Parts per billion to parts per trillion level detection limits were achieved for most of the analytes through SPME in conjunction with GC and flame ionization detector. The linear ranges were two to four orders of magnitude, and the RSD values were below 7% for all analytes. The novel fiber was applied to determine volatile alcohols and fatty acids in wine samples. The volatile-free wine prepared in this work was used to assure similar chemical environment for analytes in both calibration solutions and in real wine samples, thus compensating for possible matrix interferences. The established internal standard method using 4-methyl-2-pentanol as internal standard showed satisfactory accuracy and precision.

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“…9,10 Recently, a new coating layer including PDMS, 14 C8, 15 crown ether, 16,17 fullerene 18 prepared by sol-gel chemistry exhibited additional advantages, such as high porosity and chemical stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-phase Microextraction of Phenol Compounds Using a Fused-Silica Fiber Coated with β-Cyclodextrin-bonded Silica Particles

Zheng

2004

ANAL. SCI.

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Solid-phase microextraction of monocyclic aromatic amines using novel fibers coated with crown ether

Cited by 110 publications

References 27 publications

Progress of Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coatings and Coating Techniques

Progress of Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coatings and Coating Techniques

High extraction efficiency fiber coated with calix[4] open‐chain crown ether for solid‐phase microextraction of polar aromatic and aliphatic compounds

Solid-phase Microextraction of Phenol Compounds Using a Fused-Silica Fiber Coated with β-Cyclodextrin-bonded Silica Particles

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