Solid-phase microextraction for the detection of codeine, morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in human hair by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Use of a novel technique, solid phase microextraction, to measure tranexamic acid in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

“…This validation of the SPME extraction technique for TXA results in adding another medication to the long list of analytes that have been investigated previously. 2,[18][19][20][21] It demonstrates potential of this analytical method to be applied for measurements of other agents of interest in clinical medicine.…”

“…Moller et al used SPME to extract samples from human hair. 20 The authors of that study detected and measured concentrations of codeine and morphine and their metabolites in patients at risk of substance abuse. This method has proven to be more sensitive than others previously reported in the literature.…”

Current Developments and Future Trends in Solid-phase Microextraction Techniques for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses

“…Fiber coatings are also available in increasing thicknesses of 7 -150 μm, which increases the partitioning ratio of the target analytes, but also increases the equilibration times. HS-or DI-SPME techniques using PDMS fibers have recently been used to extract illicit drugs, recreational drugs (amphetamines and cocaine), 56 opioids (codeine, morphine and acetyl morphine) 57 and cannabinoids 58 from hair, urine and plasma samples and to subsequently analyze them by GC-MS. The analysis of drugs in hair samples has become particularly popular in recent years, with possible applications in forensic and clinical toxicology for the retrospective detection of chronic drugs of abuse.…”

Development and Validation of a Solid-Phase Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Opioid Drugs in Human Whole Blood and Plasma

“…11 Several analytical methods for the detection of multiple opiod drugs in different biological matrices such as whole blood, 11 oral fluids, 12 urine, 13 meconium, 14,15 plasma, 16 hair, 17,18 skin, 19 sweat, 20 and placenta 21 have been reported using LC-MS/MS, LC/MS, GC/MS, UPLC-MS/MS, and LC-APCI-MS/MS.…”

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] According to the LODs from the literature shown in Table 4, our assay using the described Bond Elut Certify method of choice allows the detection and quantification of 6-MAM, morphine, codeine, fentanyl, heroin, and methadone in human whole blood and plasma at subtherapeutic and toxic levels. In equal matrices we have obtained similar LODs.…”