Solid Phase Extraction for Sample Preparation

Zief, Morris; Kakodkar, Sunil V.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-041009-8.50009-6

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…5,7,8,17,19 These are hydrophobic siloxanes with hydrocarbon chains or other hydrophobic molecules bound to silanol groups of silica through^Si^O^Si^C bonds. The sorbents are said to be monofunctional if the bridging silicon is linked to one atom of oxygen, and trifunctional if it is linked to three oxygen atoms (see Fig.…”

Section: Reversed-phase Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most widely used bonded phases are C 18 sorbents [octadecasilyl (ODS), (CH 2 ) 17 CH 3 ] and C 8 [octyl, (CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 ] sorbents. Others have bonded cyclohexyl, cyanopropyl ethyl, methyl or phenyl groups.…”

Section: Reversed-phase Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modi¢cations used in other formats are discussed later. 5,7,17 R-P chromatography partitions organic solutes from a polar phase (generally aqueous) to a non-polar phase, which may be in the form of a hydrocarbon chain or polymeric sorbent. It involves non-polar interaction of the solute with the stationary phase through lowenergy Van der Waals forces.…”

Section: Sorbents Used For Solid-phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are being used increasingly in drug analyses. 5,7,17 In N-P SPE, polar compounds dissolved in a non-polar solvent such as diethyl ether or n-hexane are extracted by adsorption to a polar sorbent.Weak interactions are involved: dipole^dipole, hydrogen bonding and p^p electron interactions. The analytes are then desorbed with solvents with a high eluting power (eluotropic strength, e o 40 ¢ 6) such as methanol (e oˆ0 ¢ 73).…”

Section: Reversed-phase Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid-phase extraction in clinical biochemistry

Walker

Mills

2002

Ann Clin Biochem

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In order to measure low concentrations of analytes in plasma and urine, it is often necessary to extract and concentrate them. With solid-phase extraction (SPE), this is achieved by partitioning the analytes between a solid and a liquid or headspace vapour. A wide range of high-quality materials is now available to do this, offering a variety of separation modes for different applications. These include partitioning using reversed-phase, normal-phase, ion-exchange, restricted-access and immunoaf nity sorbents or molecularly imprinted polymers and, increasingly, combinations of these processes. Solid-phase microextraction was introduced to analyse volatile and semivolatile compounds. The range of sampling formats has expanded from simple packed syringes to cartridges, disks, SPE pipette tips and 96-well plates. These developments have facilitated automated off-and on-line sample processing. The basic principles of SPE and the recent innovations are reviewed here. This is a technological growth area. Some of the developments are nding application in clinical toxicology. However, they could also be of wider value in clinical chemistryfor example, for analyses of volatile and non-volatile metabolites, peptides, radioactive elements and trace metal speciation.

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Section: Reversed-phase Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reversed-phase Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sorbents Used For Solid-phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reversed-phase Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid-phase extraction in clinical biochemistry

Walker

Mills

2002

Ann Clin Biochem

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“…By intensive contact between analyte and the extraction medium this leads the analyte transfers from the solid or liquid mixture into the extraction medium (extract). After thorough mixing the two phases can be separated either by gravity or centrifugal forces (Gy, 1982;Arthur & Pawliszyn, 1990;Zief & Kiser, 1990). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Drug from the Biological Matrix: A Review

Prabu¹,

Suriyaprakash²

2012

Applied Biological Engineering - Principles and Practice

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Eluent Additives and the Optimization of High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Procedures

Gilpin

Dudones

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of several separation techniques that are based on the differential migration of an analyte (solute) through a fixed medium as the result of a driving force, the eluent. In the case of HPLC, the eluent is typically either a binary or ternary mixture of solvents and the stationary phase is most often a porous adsorbent or a chemically bonded phase attached to a porous substrate. The rate of migration of an individual solute and the separation between groups of solutes are governed by their interactions with the stationary phase. Thus, the optimization of an HPLC method involves the selection/adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters which control the rate of migration of the solute in such a fashion that baseline resolution is obtained between it and other co‐analytes or interfering compounds within the mixture. In doing this, given a series of closely related compounds, it is important to identify structural differences between solutes and to maximize the interactions with the stationary phase arising from them. This article considers the important physical and chemical aspects of the solute, eluent, and stationary phase in terms of chemical equilibria, solute structure, eluent conditions, operational parameters, and nonideal effects. Likewise, as several approaches may lead to acceptable analytical separations, other performance criteria such as simplicity, reliability, speed, and cost also are discussed in terms of arriving at the optimal method.

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Solid Phase Extraction for Sample Preparation

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Solid-phase extraction in clinical biochemistry

Solid-phase extraction in clinical biochemistry

Extraction of Drug from the Biological Matrix: A Review

Eluent Additives and the Optimization of High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Procedures

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