Solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for the highly sensitive determination of five iodinated X-ray contrast media in environmental water samples

Abstract

A highly sensitive method based on solid-phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for simultaneous determination of five iodinated X-ray contrast media in environmental water samples. Various solid-phase extraction cartridges have been evaluated and a combination of LiChrolute EN and ENVI-Carb solid phase extraction cartridges was selected for sample enrichment. The method was comprehensively validated on ground water, tap water, surface water, drinking water, and waste water by the conventional procedures: linearity, method detection limits, accuracy and precision, matrix effects. Good linearity (R(2) > 0.999), low detection limits (0.4-8.1 ng/L), satisfactory recoveries (55.1-109.5%) and precision (0.8-10.0% for intra-day precisions and 0.6-16.5% for inter-day precisions) were obtained for all the target compounds. Iopamidol, iohexol, and diatrizoate in some matrices were affected by matrix effects, which were slightly eased by using the isotope-labeled internal standard. The developed method was successfully applied for real samples collected in Shanghai, China, with detected concentrations up to 2200 ± 200 and 9000 ± 1000 ng/L for iohexol and iopamidol, respectively.

Premedication for Iodinated Contrast Media Induced Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions

“…These findings suggest a sensitization route outside the context of radiologic examinations, possibly via similar structures [17], or inadvertent exposure. Of note, ICM have been detected in drinking water [54,55].…”

Simultaneous determination of free and total choline and l‐carnitine in infant formula using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…There are two main protocols for evaluating matrix effects: post‐extraction addition and post‐column infusion . The post‐extraction addition technique has been used in many studies.…”

Simple and fast analysis of iohexol in human serums using micro‐hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with monolithic column

“…Three types of monoliths, SMA‐EDMA, PEDAS‐EDMA, and MAA‐EDMA were synthesized and preliminarily investigated. Although successful separation of iohexol on reversed‐phase particle based columns has been reported , no retention of iohexol on the reversed‐phased SMA‐EDMA monolith containing C 18 functional groups was obtained. Similar result was observed from a mixed mode monolith containing both polar –OH and nonpolar –C 17 functional groups; PEDAS‐EDMA monolith.…”

“…Reliable and accurate method is needed to control dose amount of iohexol and to determine iohexol clearance for evaluating renal function and diagnosing chronic kidney diseases (CKD) or evaluating risks of developing CKD. For analysis of iohexol in serums, several analytical methods have been developed including HPLC-UV [2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], LC-MS/MS [3,4,[15][16][17][18][19], LC-ICP-MS [20], CE [1,[21][22][23], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) [24] and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) [25,26]. LC was the most commonly used method for analysis of iohexol [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]; two chromatographic peaks of iohexol stereoisomers could be observed from common RP C 18 columns [2,…”