Solid-phase extraction based on polyethyleneimine-modified eggshell membrane coupled with FAAS for the selective determination of trace copper(ii) ions in environmental and food samples

Abstract

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) can selectively capture trace-level free copper ions (Cu 2+ ), from which the true toxic effects of copper originate. Thus, PEI-functionalized eggshell membrane (ESM) may serve as a green, economical, easily available, and selective solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent material for Cu 2+ enrichment. In this paper, the potential of the PEI-functionalized ESM (PEI-ESM) as a biosorbent for the selective solid phase extraction and preconcentration of trace Cu 2+ in environmental water samples and food samples in combination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was investigated. After modification, the dynamic uptake capacity of PEI-ESM increased by about 20-fold compared with ESM. Various factors affecting Cu 2+ extraction by SPE were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, Cu 2+ could be easily extracted by the PEI-ESM packed cartridge. The favorable limit of detection (LOD) for Cu(II) was 0.15 mg L À1 with an enrichment factor of 100, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.0% for 50 mg L À1 Cu(II) (n ¼ 11). The reproducibility among columns was satisfactory (RSD among the columns is less than 5%). Stability testing demonstrated that the PEI-ESM maintained over 92.0% recovery for Cu(II) even after a run of 45 adsorption and desorption cycles, showing its operational stability. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of copper in environmental water samples and food samples, which demonstrated that PEI-ESM could be an excellent SPE adsorbent for copper pretreatment and enrichment from real water samples and food samples.

Recent advances of environmental pollutants detection via paper‐based sensing strategy

“…[ 111 ] However, as a heavy metal ion, the lack of or excess copper intake may cause many diseases. [ 112 ] Therefore, the development of convenient and sensitive paper‐based sensors for detection of Cu 2+ has far‐reaching significance. Based on the static quenching mechanism of the nonfluorescence complex formed by Cu 2+ and O x − , Liu et al .…”

Evaluation of a mixed anionic–nonionic surfactant modified eggshell membrane as an advantageous adsorbent for the solid‐phase extraction of Sudan I–IV as model analytes

“…Taking into account these exceptional properties, it is rational to expect ESM to be a superior adsorbent for SPE. Many researchers have proven that ESM could be successfully applied in the SPE of metal ions like Al(III) , Cu(II) , Ag(I) , Hg(II) , and ionic surfactants like linear alkylbenzene sulfonates . However, due to the poor hydrophobicity of the surface groups, the application of ESM in the SPE of organic compounds has been limited .…”

Optimization of an analytical method for the spectrophotometric determination of copper in tea and water samples after ultrasonic assisted cloud point extraction using a benzothiazole fluorescein derivative complexing agent

“…In the past decades, various techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry, 3,4 chemiluminescence, 5,6 ICP-OES 7,8 and spectrophotometric 9 methods have been developed for the detection of copper. 1,2 However, excessive intake or long-term exposure of copper would lead to the damage of liver and kidney for accumulation of the heavy metal.…”

“…According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), the maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) for copper in drinking water was 1.3 mg L À1 . In the past decades, various techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry, 3,4 chemiluminescence, 5,6 ICP-OES 7,8 and spectrophotometric 9 methods have been developed for the detection of copper. Among these, spectrophotometric method received attractive attention due to the common availability of the instrumentation, the simplicity of apparatus, fastness, precision and accuracy of the technique.…”