Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of degradation products from enhanced environmentally degradable polyethylene

Albertsson, Ann‐Christine; Barenstedt, Camilla; Karlsson, Sigbritt

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)01016-8

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The photodegradation of pure PE has been extensively studied [20][21][22]. The reaction of PE under ultraviolet irradiation occurred via direct absorption of photons by the PE macromolecule to create excited states, and then undergo chain scission, branching cross-linking and oxidation reactions.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism Of Pe-(tio 2 / Cupc) Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene plastic with CuPc modified TiO2 photocatalyst under solar light irradiation

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2008

Applied Surface Science

114

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Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene (PE) plastic, one of the most common commercial plastic, over copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) modified TiO 2 (TiO 2 /CuPc) photocatalyst was investigated in the ambient air under solar light irradiation. Higher PE weight loss rate, greater texture change; more amount of generated CO 2 , which is the main product of the photocatalytic degradation of the composite PEC plastic can be achieved in the system of PE-(TiO 2 /CuPc) in comparison with PE-TiO 2 system. The CuPc promoted charge separation of TiO 2 and enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of PE based on the analysis of surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). During the photodegradation of PE plastic, the reactive oxygen species generated on TiO 2 or TiO 2 /CuPc particle surfaces play important roles. The present study demonstrates that the combination of polymer plastic with TiO 2 /CuPc composite photocatalyst in the form of thin film is a practical and useful way to photodegrade plastic contaminants under solar light irradiation. # 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism Of Pe-(tio 2 / Cupc) Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene plastic with CuPc modified TiO2 photocatalyst under solar light irradiation

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2008

Applied Surface Science

114

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“…For the more precise quantitation of these analytes, different calibration curves were needed in their lower ranges. PH dependency on the recovery of the analytes Considering the various factors affecting the recovery of the analytes in SPE procedures, we focused on the pH dependency of the polarity of acidic compounds (Albertsson et al, 1995), such as organic acids and reductones, with regard to their breakthrough and adsorption characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Reductones, Furans and Organic Acids in Aqueous Model Matrices Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Mori

Ito

2004

FSTR

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A method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and GC-MS was developed for the determination of a series of polar and unstable flavor compounds: reductones, furans and volatile organic acids, in aqueous model matrices. The SPE procedures were optimized mainly on the pH-dependency of the analytes with regard to their adsorption characteristics. Good recovery of the reductones except DDMP was obtained at pH 2 and 4.5. Furan derivatives were generally recovered in high yields under the acidic to neutral pH conditions examined. All organic acids were recovered almost quantitatively at pH 2. An essentially comparable result was obtained in a model Maillard reaction mixture. In order to apply this method to alcoholic beverages, effect of the ethanol concentration on the SPE adsorption of the analytes was also investigated.Keywords: solid-phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), reductone, furan, organic acid Reductones, furans (Ledl & Schleicher, 1990) and organic acids (Hofmann et al., 2000) are commonly found in foods and beverages. Most reductones and volatile acids exhibit important sensory properties with low threshold values, and some of them are utilized as food flavors. Furan derivatives generated from sugars by non-enzymatic browning are closely related to the chemical changes in foods and beverages during their processing and storage (Lee & Nagy, 1990).Such types of compounds have relatively high polarity and ionic characters, so that their high water solubility results in low recovery in conventional solvent-extraction methods. Headspace sampling and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) are frequently used for the selective extraction of volatile flavors from a complex matrix. Unfortunately, the main disadvantage of these methods is low recovery of polar analytes (Pan et al., 1995).In addition, reductones and furans tend to be decomposed during the analytical procedures, particularly at the elevated temperature used in GC analysis (Blank et al., 1992). To compensate for losses during the workup procedure for GC analysis, stable isotope dilution assays (Sen et al., 1991) were developed. However, this technique requires the corresponding isotope-labeled derivative of each analyte as the internal standard.Column adsorption (Shimoda et al., 1987) and solid phase extraction (SPE) (Coulibaly & Jeon, 1996) are now widely used for the extraction and clean up of flavor compounds in foods and beverages. Even though some efficient methods had been developed for the analysis of reductones, most of them were optimized to one or a few analytes on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Walsh et al., 1997). The HPLC methods are not suitable to trace level multiple analytes.To our knowledge, there were only a few reports concerning the GC-quantitation of such polar and unstable volatiles from aqueous matrices using SPE treatments (Wada & Shibamoto, 1997;Adahchour et al., 1999). Recently, Thum and Back (1999) applied their SPE procedure for a selective concentration of a series of aroma compou...

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“…ref. [10][11][12][13] . SDE is as old as analytic chemistry and is still in use due to its advantages such as extracting target volatiles from a sample matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of Different Analytical Methods for Volatile and Odour‐Active Substances in Polyolefins

Hopfer¹,

Sauer²,

Haar³

et al. 2010

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: Emissions of volatiles of polymeric materials are an important parameter for materials characterisation, and gain more and more importance either by their odour activity or by other undesired behaviour. Currently, numerous methods are applied for the determination of volatiles, but all of them use gas chromatography (GC) with different detectors. The information gained by flame ionisation detection (FID) is the total emitted volatiles expressed as a sum value, but no further deeper information is provided. Additionally, due to different sample amounts, preparation, way of sampling and GC parameters, results cannot be compared to each other. Also, determination of single sum values by integrating the total area of volatiles is of little help for material development due to the lack of detailed information about chemical composition, and other methods have to be applied. Other compounds of interest such as odour-active ones turn up in only very small amounts and cannot be detected by these methods as an extensive analytical sample preparation is necessary. We compare results obtained by different sample preparation techniques used in industrial standards (VDA 277 and VDA278) to scientific alternatives such as Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled to GC with mass spectrometry (MS) and Simultaneous Distillation/Extraction SDE coupled to GC-MS to demonstrate capabilities and applicability of each method.

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Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of degradation products from enhanced environmentally degradable polyethylene

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene plastic with CuPc modified TiO2 photocatalyst under solar light irradiation

Enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene plastic with CuPc modified TiO2 photocatalyst under solar light irradiation

Determination of Reductones, Furans and Organic Acids in Aqueous Model Matrices Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Comparison of Different Analytical Methods for Volatile and Odour‐Active Substances in Polyolefins

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