Solid‐Phase Extraction

Majors, Ronald E.

doi:10.1002/9780813823621.ch4

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Sampling and sample preparation (SP) are the parts in a chromatographic analysis which take most in the total analysis time and are the largest sources of errors . Minimizing bias in sampling is the first important step in any analysis since errors in sampling cannot be corrected in the subsequent steps.…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Molecular Omics With Miniaturized Lcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized LC in Molecular Omics

et al. 2020

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Miniaturized LC has evolved at an exponential rate over the last 50 years. In the past decade, it has received considerable attention in the field of bioanalytical separation science and technology due to the need to measure different classes of biomolecules present in a variety of matrixes on a global scale to gain a deeper understanding of complex biological processes. This field has become a dominant area underpinning the molecular omics research (e.g., proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and foodomics), allowing key insights into the function and mechanism of small to very large biomolecules on a molecular level. This Feature highlights the recent advances in molecular omics focusing on miniaturized LC technology combined with mass spectrometry-based platforms, with a particular emphasis on the strategies adopted and applications using new and sensitive nanoscale analytical methodologies.

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Section: Sample Preparation For Molecular Omics With Miniaturized Lcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized LC in Molecular Omics

et al. 2020

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“…Solid-phase extraction (SPE) or liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) can be used for sample preconcentration and transfer into a suitable solvent. Compared to LLE, SPE is both more time- and cost-effective, has a generally higher recovery factor, and needs less solvent for analyte extraction. , SPE can also be readily automated, which makes it a strong candidate for field applications . Although SPE has been widely used in the past for the extraction of organic materials, its application for oil and grease extraction from process water has not been extensively considered, with only a few studies reporting the higher recovery factor of SPE compared to LLE. , The dominance of LLE as a sample preparation method in the oil and gas industry and the limited motivation to upgrade existing working technologies have arguably prevented further developments from incorporating SPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Phase Extraction Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SPE-NMR): Prototype Design, Development, and Automation

Wagner

Zargar

Kalli

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Reliable measurements of oil-in-water (OiW) content is essential in the oil and gas industry. The current OiW analysis techniques deployed in the industry need frequent calibration and mostly depend on optical access to the sample. They are also limited in providing a thorough compositional examination of the oil content. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well-established analytical tool across a wide range of different fields. For the OiW analysis, NMR can provide a self-calibrated measurement, does not require optical access, and allows for quantitative analysis of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon content at the ppm level. Here, a fully automated prototype combining a custom-built solid-phase extraction (SPE) platform for sample pre-concentration and a benchtop NMR spectrometer for quantitative OiW measurements is designed, built, and demonstrated. The novel automated apparatus has significant potential for field deployment and provides a reliable and reproducible analysis of OiW content consistent with common reference methods.

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“…Considering a typical GC-based method, about 61% of the time is spent on sample processing, while it is estimated that 30% of errors arise from sample preparation . This scenario is even more complex if we consider traditional petroleum-related analysis that requires solvent fractionation of the matrix to reduce peak overlap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Preparation for Solid Petroleum-Based Matrices Based on Direct Matrix Introduction Oriented to Hydrocarbon Profiling

Oliveira

Castiblanco

Fleming³

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Multicomponent mixtures may be considered complex because of the overwhelming number of sample constituents and their broad range of physical–chemical properties. Such features translate into challenges in resolving all components using separation techniques but also impact sample preparation, which is often underestimated in modern practices of oil industry. While the former may be effectively tackled using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), analyte mass discrimination remains overlooked. In the analysis of whole crude oils or heavy distillates, it is well known that pentatriacontane (C35) precipitates at room temperature in many solvents, such as carbon disulfide, n-hexane, and toluene. Therefore, solvent-based sample preparation methods are biased for analytes heavier than C35, which are found in unusual crude oils. Although, current methods using conventional thermal desorption are limited for C40 hydrocarbons, direct matrix introduction (DMI) may be used for sample introduction. In this work, we expanded the effective operating range of DMI for hydrocarbon analysis by GC. Two case studies were evaluated. First, an uncommonly heavy paraffinic oil fraction was characterized by DMI-GC to illustrate the effect of solubility-based discrimination during sample preparation. Second, we extended the benefits of DMI for the sample preparation of soil contaminated by oil spill, bypassing the need for solvent extraction. Relative standard deviations of 6.7–9.4% were observed for the measurement of n-alkanes, allowing for reliable qualitative analysis of weathered soils. Furthermore, calibration curves of n-alkanes from 6.25 μg g–1 to 100 μg mL–1 (Pearson coefficient, r 2 = 0.99) demonstrated the potential of the DMI-based method for quantitative analysis.

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Solid‐Phase Extraction

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Miniaturized LC in Molecular Omics

Miniaturized LC in Molecular Omics

Solid-Phase Extraction Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SPE-NMR): Prototype Design, Development, and Automation

Sample Preparation for Solid Petroleum-Based Matrices Based on Direct Matrix Introduction Oriented to Hydrocarbon Profiling

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