Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) fed with biogas containing hydrogen chloride traces: Impact on direct internal reforming and electrochemical performance

Illathukandy, Biju; Saadabadi, S. Ali; Kuo, Po-Chih; Wasajja, Henry; Lindeboom, Ralph E.F.; Vijay, Virendra Kumar; Aravind, P.V.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141198

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nickel tends to react with the impurities, such as sulfur, chlorine, or silicon, triggering a performance loss [10], subsequent degradation [11], or even deactivation [12] of SOFCs [13]. Although no apparent degradation was found in a single SOFC using biogas fuel, add a trace amount of HCl (4, 8, or 12 ppm (v)) under a galvanostatic test at 850 °C [14]. However, the whole stack could break due to the corrosion of the sealant by the chlorine compounds [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Study of Sulfur Poisoning and Recovery of Ni-YSZ-Based Anodes Operating up to 1.8 W cm-2 in a Biogas Fuel

Jiang

Connor

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ni-YSZ (nickel-yttrium-stabilized zirconia) is a common anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its excellent catalytic performance and electronic conductivity. It shows that the nickel anode-supported cell exhibits good cell performance in a biogas fuel of 36CH4-36CO2-20H2O-4H2-4CO. Unfortunately, natural biogas fuels often contain sulfur, so using nickel anodes is not always straightforward. This paper investigates the sulfur poisoning and the recovery of BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ- (BCZYYb-) (Ce, Y, and Yb codoped barium zirconate) impregnated nickel anode-supported cells operating up to 1.8 W cm-2 in the biogas. The in situ gas analysis reveals that the suppression of the reforming reactions might cause sulfur poisoning in a 4 ppm (v) H2S (hydrogen sulfide) in open circuit conditions, whereas the current degradation in working conditions could be attributed to the deactivation of reforming reactions and catalyst activity. The incidence of water-gas shift reactions is associated with the degradation rate of these two reactions. After removing the H2S, the recovery is accelerated by a steam hydrogen fuel, indicating that steam facilitates the efficient release of sulfur from nickel sites.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Study of Sulfur Poisoning and Recovery of Ni-YSZ-Based Anodes Operating up to 1.8 W cm-2 in a Biogas Fuel

Jiang

Connor

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The trace compounds in the fuel are believed to contaminate the electrolyte or affect reforming performance. Some recent studies indicate that the influence of hydrogen sulfide can be avoided by using paper-structured catalysts or improving anode materials. , Illathukandy et al proposed that trace hydrogen chloride in biogas has little effect on the lifespan and performance of a DIR-SOFC above 1020 K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Maximization of a Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in a Two-Layer Self-Optimizing Control Structure

Shen

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Control system configuration is essential for the efficiency performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In this paper, we aim to report a novel two-layer self-optimizing control (SOC) system for the efficiency maximization of a direct internal reforming SOFC, where the efficiency index is defined as the profit of generated electricity penalized by carbon (CO 2 ) emission. Based on the lumped-parameter model of the SOFC, comprehensive evaluations are carried out to identify the optimal controlled variables (CVs), the control of which at constant set-points can optimize the efficiency, in spite of operating condition changes. In the lower SOC layer, we configure single variables as the CVs. The results show that the stack temperature is the active constraint which should be controlled to maintain the cell performance. In addition, the outlet hydrogen composition is identified as the optimal CV. This result differs from several previous proposals, such as methane composition. In the presence of operating condition changes, the set-point of hydrogen composition is further automatically adjusted by the upper SOC layer, where a linear combination of the SOFC measurements is configured as the CV, giving negligible efficiency losses. The cascaded two-layer SOC structure is able to maximize the SOFC efficiency and reduce carbon emission without using online optimization techniques; meanwhile, it allows for smooth and safe operations. The validity of the new scheme is verified through both static and dynamic evaluations.

show abstract

Applications – Stationary Applications | Fuel Cells - Larger Size and Hybrids

Calise,

d'Accadia,

Cappiello

et al. 2025

Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) fed with biogas containing hydrogen chloride traces: Impact on direct internal reforming and electrochemical performance

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Detailed Study of Sulfur Poisoning and Recovery of Ni-YSZ-Based Anodes Operating up to 1.8 W cm-2 in a Biogas Fuel

Detailed Study of Sulfur Poisoning and Recovery of Ni-YSZ-Based Anodes Operating up to 1.8 W cm-2 in a Biogas Fuel

Efficiency Maximization of a Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in a Two-Layer Self-Optimizing Control Structure

Applications – Stationary Applications | Fuel Cells - Larger Size and Hybrids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About