Solid oxide fuel cell development at Topsoe Fuel Cell and Risø

Christiansen, N.; Hansen, Jens Peter; Holm-Larsen, H.; Linderoth, Søren; Larsen, Peter H.; Hendriksen, Peter Vang; Mogensen, Mogens Bjerg

doi:10.1016/s1464-2859(06)71169-5

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Also for the CHP efficiency (which in reality is much dependant on the inlet/outlet water temperature levels), values in literature based on the experimental [53][54][55] and theoretical [46] works are close to the values presented here and show that maximum CHP efficiencies >80% (LHV) can be achieved using an SOFC system. …”

Section: Sofc System Model Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…For the AC electrical efficiency, experimental results [53][54][55] for systems in the same power range as this study (1-20 kW e ) show that maximum system AC electrical efficiencies (LHV) >50% are achievable using a planar SOFC system.…”

Section: Sofc System Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The anode recycling ratio and the percentage of the methane reforming in the reformer were optimised based on the system electrical efficiency and the input SC to the reformer and stack. To prevent carbon deposition, only SC values above the threshold of 2.0 were used [53,54]. For both systems, skin losses proportional to the fuel input were considered (Table 4).…”

Section: Sofc System Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Building Integrated Co‐ and Polygeneration

2010

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Models of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems, used in building energy performance simulation codes, are often based on simple black or grey box models. To model a specific device, input data from experiments are often required for calibration. This paper presents an approach for the theoretical derivation of such data. A generic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system model is described that is specifically developed for the evaluation of building integrated co‐ or polygeneration. First, a detailed computational cell model is developed for a planar SOFC and validated with available numerical and experimental data for intermediate and high temperature SOFCs with internal reforming (IT‐DIR and HT‐DIR). Results of sensitivity analyses on fuel utilisation and air excess ratio are given. Second, the cell model is extended to the stack model, considering stack pressure losses and the radiative heat transfer effect from the stack to the air flow. Third, two system designs based on the IT‐DIR and HT‐DIR SOFCs are modelled. Electric and CHP efficiencies are given for the two systems, as well as performance characteristics, to be used in simulations of building integrated co‐ and polygeneration systems.

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Section: Sofc System Model Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Sofc System Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Sofc System Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Building Integrated Co‐ and Polygeneration

2010

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“…This polarization behaviour is usually expressed by the area specific resistance (ASR). The ASR is in the range of 0.2-0.3 X cm 2 at 800-850°C for anode supported cells using Ni-YSZ anodes operating on hydrogen [9,10]. For the Integrated Planar SOFC (IP-SOFC) configuration of RollsRoyce, which employs a thin anode on an inert porous ceramic support, the ASR is between 0.7 and 1.3 X cm 2 at 900°C, depending on the fuel gas composition [11].…”

Section: State Of the Art Anodes And Anode Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Cycling of Ni‐Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes: A Review

2007

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The published literature relating to damage to SOFCs caused by redox cycling of Ni‐based anodes is reviewed. The review covers the kinetics of Ni oxidation and NiO reduction (as single phases and as constituents of composites with yttria‐stabilised zirconia, YSZ), the dimensional changes associated with redox cycling and the effect of this on the mechanical integrity and electrical performance of cells and stacks. A critical parameter is the expansion strain that is caused by oxidation. Several studies report that the first complete oxidation of a Ni/YSZ composite causes a linear expansion of the order of 1%, but the actual values vary substantially between different investigations. The oxidation strain is the result of microstructural irreversibility during the redox process and leads to strain accumulation over several redox cycles. This can cause mechanical disruption to an anode, anode support or other cell components attached to the anode.A simplified mechanical model of the stress and damage that are likely to be caused by anode expansion is proposed and applied to anode‐supported, electrolyte‐supported and inert substrate‐supported cell configurations. This allows the maximum oxidation strain to avoid damage in each configuration to be estimated.

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“…It should be mentioned that the SOFC model developed here aims to represent the performance of the second generation SOFC stacks developed by from Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S (TOFC) and the Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division at Risø-DTU (Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark). This SOFC type is anode supported and the anode consists of Ni/YSZ, the electrolyte of YSZ and the cathode of LSM/YSZ [29]. As mentioned above, to fit the model with the desired stack performances, the electrochemical model is calibrated against experimental data, as shown in [19].…”

Section: Sofc Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Comparison on Repowering of a Steam Power Plant with Gas Turbines and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Rokni

2016

Energies

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Abstract:Repowering is a process for transforming an old power plant for greater capacity and/or higher efficiency. As a consequence, the repowered plant is characterized by higher power output and less specific CO 2 emissions. Usually, repowering is performed by adding one or more gas turbines into an existing steam cycle which was built decades ago. Thus, traditional repowering results in combined cycles (CC). High temperature fuel cells (such as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)) could also be used as a topping cycle, achieving even higher global plant efficiency and even lower specific CO 2 emissions. Decreasing the operating temperature in a SOFC allows the use of less complex materials and construction methods, consequently reducing plant and the electricity costs. A lower working temperature makes it also suitable for topping an existing steam cycle, instead of gas turbines. This is also the target of this study, repowering of an existing power plant with SOFC as well as gas turbines. Different repowering strategies are studied here, repowering with one gas turbine with and without supplementary firing, repowering with two gas turbines with and without supplementary firing and finally repowering using SOFC. Plant performances and CO 2 emissions are compared for the suggested repowered plants.

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Solid oxide fuel cell development at Topsoe Fuel Cell and Risø

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Building Integrated Co‐ and Polygeneration

Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Building Integrated Co‐ and Polygeneration

Redox Cycling of Ni‐Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes: A Review

Performance Comparison on Repowering of a Steam Power Plant with Gas Turbines and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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