Solid insulators in vacuum: A review (Invited paper)

Hawley, R.

doi:10.1016/0042-207x(68)90628-3

Cited by 158 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The flashover voltage on the solid insulator in vacuum is usually less than the breakdown voltage of a vacuum gap of similar dimensions [4]. The surface discharge event in vacuum is widely supposed to begin with the electron emission from the metal cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulse surface flashover development associated with transient charging by explosive electron emission in vacuum

Nakano

Kojima

Tsuchiya

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Surface discharge on solid insulator in vacuum, which is one of the most significant issues under high electric field, prevents the development of higher voltage vacuum circuit breakers and vacuum interrupters. To clarify the mechanism of the surface discharge in vacuum, charge activities on solid insulators in the development process of the surface discharge should be investigated. By using electrostatic probes behind the alumina dielectrics and measuring fast-framing images of the surface discharge, in the present paper, we clarified that the impulse surface flashover starts in developing with explosive electron emission (EEE) on cathode, which is specific phenomenon on the electron emission site exploding due to extreme field emission current density. Experimental results revealed the characteristics of transient charging by EEE in the surface flash over development as follows: (1) the probe current due to EEE increases with the EEE inception electric field on the cathode, and also depends on the work function of the cathode material, (2) the transient charge distribution on the alumina dielectrics is determined by the EEE spot on the cathode, (3) EEE occurs several times due to the erosion and the regeneration of electron emission sites. (4) the successive EEE makes the transient charge distribution smooth on the alumina dielectrics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulse surface flashover development associated with transient charging by explosive electron emission in vacuum

Nakano

Kojima

Tsuchiya

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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“…The stronger gradients attract more electrons to the insulator and can also enhance field emission from the cathode, leading to further increases in the positive charge on the insulator. The process can lead to the formation of an arc along the surface of the pillar long before it would breakdown through the bulk [10,11]. Even before it causes an arc, the charge on the pillars can deflect the electrons in their vicinity and make the pillars optically more obvious to the viewer, especially in displays that have widely spaced pillars.…”

Section: Pillar Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Overview

Zhu¹,

Goren²

2001

Vacuum Microelectronics

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“…After the introduction of a solid insulator, which is sometimes inevitable to support the high voltage component, surface flashover often occurs at the vacuum-insulator interface with flashover voltage much lower than the bulk breakdown strength of the insulator and the vacuum gap electrical strength of the similar dimensions. Therefore, surface flashover is an important factor which affects the reliability of the vacuum insulation systems [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of fluorination on the vacuum surface flashover voltage of polyimide

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2013

2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena

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The effects of fluorination on the vacuum surface flashover voltage (U f ) of polyimide (PI) are researched. The experimental results show that as the degree of fluorination increases, the U f of PI firstly increases and then decreases, the highest U f in the experiments is increased by up to 21% compared with untreated PI sample. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) show that fluoride treatments may cause the structural change of PI. A mechanism based on the abstraction of the atoms of H, O and N is proposed. During the process of fluorination, the formation of the C-F bonds can improve the surface flashover voltage, whereas as the degree of fluorination increases, the destruction of the C-N bonds would degrade the surface flashover performance. The two processes play the role at the same time. Therefore, there is an optimal degree for the fluorination.

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Solid insulators in vacuum: A review (Invited paper)

Cited by 158 publications

References 7 publications

Impulse surface flashover development associated with transient charging by explosive electron emission in vacuum

Impulse surface flashover development associated with transient charging by explosive electron emission in vacuum

Technological Overview

The effects of fluorination on the vacuum surface flashover voltage of polyimide

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