Solid Garnet Batteries

Zhao, Ning; Khokhar, Waquar Ahmed; Bi, Zhijie; Shi, Chuan; Guo, Xiangxin; Fan, Li‐Zhen; Nan, Ce‐Wen

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.019

Cited by 373 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Although there are several reviews related to the interfacial issues in ASSLBs, the specific discussion of interfacial problems for garnet-based ASSLBs is deficient. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Herein, we reviewed the origin of interfacial resistance, strategies of reducing the interfacial resistance and interface evolution during cycling process for both anodic and cathodic interfaces, in order to shed light on interfacial construction in garnet-based ASSLBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfaces in Garnet‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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liquid electrolytes. ASSLBs exhibit overwhelming advantages as follows: 1) No electrolyte leakage. The most obvious advantage of ASSLBs is the avoidance of electrolyte leakage, and related issues such as fire hazard, electrical short circuit and corruption. In addition, ASSLBs do not need advance sealants, pressurizing electrolyte, and flame retardant failsafe. [1,2] 2) No thermal runaway. Thermal runaway will cause the rise of internal temperature, pressure, and vent of flammable gases in conventional LIBs, at a risk of explosion and shrapnel. [3,4] ASSLBs avoid the use of organic electrolytes and prevent the thermal runaway for a large extent. [5] 3) High resistance to lithium dendrite. The lithium dendrite may form during deposition process and penetrate through the separator, potentially cause a short circuit in conventional LIBs. [6] ASSLBs using solid electrolytes (SEs) with high shear modulus are expected to prevent/alleviate the dendrite penetration and extend the cell life. 4) Higher energy density. [7] The conventional LIBs are not suitable for the application of high voltage cathode and lithium metal anode because of narrow electrochemical window of liquid electrolytes, as well as failure in preventing lithium dendrite. ASSLBs facilitate the application of high voltage cathode materials and high energy density lithium metal anode, therefore increasing the energy density of the whole cell. Figure 1 shows the scheme of a typical ASSLB. Similar with conventional LIBs, the main components of ASSLB are cathode, SE, and anode. The distinctive component is SE, and its properties support the great advantages of ASSLBs. These properties include stability at ultrahigh and ultralow temperature, high mechanical strength, [8] wider electrochemical window (with passivation), and so on. [9-11] According to the category of SE, ASSLBs are divided into polymer-based, oxide-based, and sulfide-based systems, corresponding to the polymer, oxide, and sulfide electrolytes, respectively. Therein, oxide electrolytes exhibit moderate ionic conductivity, high shear modulus, and better stability with atmosphere and electrodes, are promising candidates for ASSLB. Specifically, oxide electrolytes are classified into LISICON (Li 14 ZnGe 4 O 16), NASICION (LiTi 2 (PO 4) 3), perovskite (Li 3x La 0.67-x □ 0.33-2x TiO 3), garnet (Li 3-7 LnMO 12 , Ln = Y, Pr, Nd, La, Sm-Lu, M = Zr, Sb, W, etc.), and so on based on their structure. Without reductive Ge, Ti elements in the composition, garnets are normally considered most promising among oxide electrolytes. [12,13] Garnet-type electrolytes in the formula of Li 3-7 Ln 3 M 2 O 12 , show a space group 3 Ia d. Lithium content ranges from 3 to 7 based on the substitution elements at Ln and M sites. [14,15] All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered to be the nextgeneration energy storage system, because of their overwhelming advantages in energy density and safety compared to conventional lithium ion batteries. Among various systems, garnet-based ASSLBs are one of the most promis...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfaces in Garnet‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…The construction of an electron-blocking interface with excellent wettability is therefore important for the development of dendrite-free Li anodes in SSBs 33 . Unfortunately, most interlayers alloy with Li metal and are electronically conductive, while ionically conductive but electronically insulating materials show large interfacial resistance with Li metal 34 . A hybrid interlayer formed with electronically conductive nanoparticles embedded in an ionically conductive matrix was recently reported to achieve excellent interfacial wettability and a uniform electric eld distribution 35 , however the improvement of electrochemical performance was still limited due to the conductive interface not preventing electron mobility within the garnet electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Electron-blocking Interfacial Shield for Dendrite-free Solid Lithium Metal Batteries

Huo

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered to be the next-generation lithium-ion battery technology due to their enhanced energy density and safety. However, the high electronic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) leads to Li dendrite nucleation and proliferation. Uneven electric-field distribution resulting from poor interfacial contact can further promote dendritic deposition and lead to rapid short circuiting of SSBs. Herein, a flexible electron-blocking interfacial shield (EBS) is proposed to protect garnet electrolytes from the electronic degradation. The EBS formed by an in-situ substitution reaction can not only increase lithiophilicity but also stabilize the Li volume change, maintaining the integrity of the interface during repeated cycling. Density functional theory calculations show a high electron-tunneling energy barrier from Li metal to the EBS, indicating an excellent capacity for electron-blocking. EBS protected cells exhibit an improved critical current density of 1.2 mA cm-2 and stable cycling for over 400 h at 1 mA cm-2 (1 mAh cm-2) at room temperature. These results demonstrate an effective strategy for the suppression of Li dendrites and present fresh insight into the rational design of the SSE and Li metal interface.

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“…Tremendous attempts have been tried to mitigate uncontrolled lithium dendrites, mainly including: (i) improving the interface properties between electrode and electrolyte; (ii) constructing lithium‐based composites with 3D hosts. To improve the interface properties, various strategies are proposed and explored, including prefabricating artificial SEI films, precoating chemically inert protective layers, inducing additives in the electrolyte to amend SEI films, and even developing solid‐state electrolyte . Meanwhile, comparing to these attempts on stabilizing lithium anode surface, efforts on constructing lithium‐based composites with 3D hosts are superior on the reduction of local current density and bulk effect during cycling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient‐Distributed Nucleation Seeds on Conductive Host for a Dendrite‐Free and High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

Yang

Shi

et al. 2019

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Much attention is paid to metal lithium as a hopeful negative material for reversible batteries with a high specific capacity. Although applying 3D hosts can relieve the dendrite growth to some extent, gradient‐distributed lithium ion in 3D uniform hosts still induces uncontrolled lithium dendrites growth, especially at high lithium capacity and high current density. Herein, a 3D conductive carbon nanofiber framework with gradient‐distributed ZnO particles as nucleation seeds (G‐CNF) to regulate lithium deposition is proposed. Based on such a unique structure, the G‐CNF electrode exhibits a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.1% for 700 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. Even at 5 mA cm−2, the G‐CNF electrode performs a stable cycling process and high CE of 96.0% for over 200 cycles. When the lithium‐deposited G‐CNF (G‐CNF‐Li) anode is applied in a full cell with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode, it exhibits a stable capacity of 115 mAh g−1 and high retention of 95.7% after 300 cycles. Through inducing the gradient‐distributed nucleation seeds to counter the existing Li‐ion concentration polarization, a uniform and stable lithium deposition process in the 3D host is achieved even under the condition of high current density.

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Solid Garnet Batteries

Cited by 373 publications

References 88 publications

Interfaces in Garnet‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Interfaces in Garnet‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

A Flexible Electron-blocking Interfacial Shield for Dendrite-free Solid Lithium Metal Batteries

Gradient‐Distributed Nucleation Seeds on Conductive Host for a Dendrite‐Free and High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

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