Solid fuels that form HOH catalyst

Mills, Randell L.; Lotoski, J.; Good, William R.; He, J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.170

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Of the two possible catalysts, mH and HOH, the latter is more likely on the behavior with oxide coated electrodes based on the intensity profile at short wavelengths and the dependency on a thermodynamically favorable reaction of metal oxide to HOH at the anode. A similar mechanism is functional in the CIHT cell [30,32]. In addition to characteristic continuum radiation having a short-wavelength cutoff of ⋅ = m m 13.6 eV; 3 2 for hydrino transition H to H(1/4) catalyzed by HOH, the transition also produced predicted selective extraordinary high-kinetic energy H that was observed by the corresponding broadening of the Balmer α line [5] consistent with previous observations [10].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The temperature of high explosives is also as high as 5500 K [38,39]. This is expected if the source of the high temperature is the formation of hydrinos as supported by the observed massive soft x-ray emission and excessive EUV energy balance (section 4.6), excessive calorimetrically measured energy balance [7] having an ignition energy of about 5 J and a typical excess energy of about 200-300 J per 40 mg solid fuel, and spectroscopic signatures of hydrinos [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][30][31][32]. Since solar cells have been optimized to convert blackbody radiation of 5800 K into electricity, photovoltaic conversion using solar cells is a suitable means of power conversion of the SF-CIHT generator as confirmed by these tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid fuels comprising metal oxides and hydroxides that undergo hydrogen reduction to form HOH show substantial excess energy [30,31]. These results as well as those of electrochemical (CIHT) cells utilizing the HOH catalyst [30][31][32] show that HOH catalyst has much higher kinetics than mH catalyst, and the reaction is favorable with metal oxides such as those of Mo, W, and Ta that favorably undergo hydrogen reduction to form HOH catalyst. The strong oxygen ion lines in the continuum from the H pinch plasma show the presence of metal oxide that is permissive of the HOH mechanism.…”

Section: Euv Pinch Plasma Spectramentioning

confidence: 85%

“…is manifest as high kinetic energy H − of about 204 eV[32].4.2. Ignition of H 2 O-based solid fuels with a low voltage, high current and plasma duration determinationThe H 2 O-based solid fuel samples such as Cu + H 2 O sealed in the DSC pan, Ti + H 2 O sealed in the DSC pan, and NiOOH + Ni + C as well as control conductive materials not comprising H 2 O such as a  0.010 diameter gold wire loop oriented for axial current flow and metal foils preheated in vacuum were loaded into the electrodes of the Acme 75 kVA welder that was activated to apply high current through each sample.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of soft x-ray continuum radiation from low-energy pinch discharges of hydrogen and ultra-low field ignition of solid fuels

Mills¹,

Lotoski²,

Lü³

2017

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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EUV continuum radiation (10-30 nm) arising only from very low energy pulsed pinch gas discharges comprising some hydrogen was first observed at BlackLight Power, Inc. and reproduced at the Harvard Center for Astrophysics (CfA). The source was determined to be due to the transition of H to the lower-energy hydrogen or hydrino state H(1/4) whose emission matches that observed wherein alternative sources were eliminated. The identity of the catalyst that accepts 3 • 27.2 eV from the H to cause the H to H(1/4) transition was determined to HOH versus 3H. The mechanism was elucidated using different oxide-coated electrodes that were selective in forming HOH versus plasma forming metal atoms as well as from the intensity profile that was a mismatch for the multi-body reaction required during 3H catalysis. The HOH catalyst was further shown to give EUV radiation of the same nature by igniting a solid fuel comprising a source of H and HOH catalyst by passing a low voltage, high current through the fuel to produce explosive plasma. No chemical reaction can release such high-energy light. No high field existed to form highly ionized ions that could give radiation in this EUV region that persisted even without power input. This plasma source serves as strong evidence for the existence of the transition of H to hydrino H(1/4) by HOH as the catalyst and a corresponding new power source wherein initial extraordinarily brilliant light-emitting prototypes are already producing photovoltaic generated electrical power. The hydrino product of a catalyst reaction of atomic hydrogen was analyzed by multiple spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, the mH catalyst was identified to be active in astronomical sources such as the Sun, stars and interstellar medium wherein the characteristics of hydrino match those of the dark matter of the Universe.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Euv Pinch Plasma Spectramentioning

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of soft x-ray continuum radiation from low-energy pinch discharges of hydrogen and ultra-low field ignition of solid fuels

Mills¹,

Lotoski²,

Lü³

2017

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…In (Mills, Lotoski, Good, & He, 2014), it is stated that "the predicted molecular hydrino H 2 (1/4) was identified … by MAS 1 H NMR, ToF-SIMS, ESI-ToFMS, electron-beam excitation emission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, FTIR, and XPS", citing (Mills et al, 2013) and . For instance, in (Mills, Lotoski, Good, & He, 2014), a Raman peak matching the free rotor energy of molecular hydrino H 2 (1/4) has been observed in the products of a reaction that produces hydrinos according to Mills' theory. Also, using differential scanning calorimetry and water flow calorimetry, more heat energy is produced from hydrino-producing reactions than is theoretically possible without the hydrino mechanism.…”

Section: Empirical Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%