Solid fermentation of wheat bran for hydrolytic enzymes production and saccharification content by a local isolate Bacillus megatherium

Abstract

Back groundFor enzyme production, the costs of solid state fermentation (SSF) techniques were lower and the production higher than submerged cultures. A large number of fungal species was known to grow well on moist substrates, whereas many bacteria were unable to grow under this condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate a highly efficient strain of Bacillus sp utilizing wheat bran in SSF and optimizing the enzyme production and soluble carbohydrates.ResultsA local strain Bacillus megatherium was isolated from dung sheep. The maximum production of pectinase, xylanase and α-amylase, and saccharification content (total soluble carbohydrates and reducing sugars) were obtained by application of the B. megatherium in SSF using wheat bran as compared to grasses, palm leaves and date seeds. All enzymes and saccharification content exhibited their maximum production during 12–24 h, at the range of 40–80% moisture content of wheat bran, temperature 37-45°C and pH 5–8. An ascending repression of pectinase production was observed by carbon supplements of lactose, glucose, maltose, sucrose and starch, respectively. All carbon supplements improved the production of xylanase and α-amylase, except of lactose decreased α-amylase production. A little increase in the yield of total reducing sugars was detected for all carbon supplements. Among the nitrogen sources, yeast extract induced a significant repression to all enzyme productivity. Sodium nitrate, urea and ammonium chloride enhanced the production of xylanase, α-amylase and pectinase, respectively. Yeast extract, urea, ammonium sulphate and ammonium chloride enhanced the productivity of reducing sugars.ConclusionsThe optimization of enzyme production and sccharification content by B. megatherium in SSF required only adjustment of incubation period and temperature, moisture content and initial pH. Wheat bran supplied enough nutrients without any need for addition of supplements of carbon and nitrogen sources.

Xylanases of Bacillus spp. isolated from ruminant dung as potential accessory enzymes for agro-waste saccharification

“…Ruminant dung and manure are reported to harbour a large number of xylanolytic, pectinolytic and cellulolytic micro-organisms (Wei et al 2009;El-shishtawy et al 2014). Accordingly manure samples from farm yard and fresh dung samples of four different ruminants viz., camel, buffalo, cow and bull, fed agro-wastes were collected and subjected to enrichment under selection pressure of polysaccharides like cellulose, xylan and pectin in presence of glucose to obtain polysaccharide hydrolase like xylanase, pectinase and cellulase producing isolates free of catabolite repression as reported in many bacterial system (Beg et al 2000).…”

Bio-processing of Linseed Oil-Cake through Solid State Fermentation by Non- Starch Polysaccharide Degrading Fish Gut Bacteria

“…However, reports on the effect of different carbon sources in the production of microbial xylanases were conflicting with contradictory results. Supplementary carbon sources, such as starch, sucrose, maltose, lactose or glucose at 1% were reported to improve the production of xylanase by B. megatherium [75]. Our study revealed only marginal increase in xylanase production through inclusion of lactose and sucrose as additional carbon sources.…”

Highly Potent Saccharification of Arthrospira maxima Glycogen by Fungal Amylolytic Enzyme from Trichoderma Species J113

“…We were intrigued by how wheat bran triggered high levels of amylase production in J113 when other purified carbon sources failed to do so. Earlier published studies have also shown that wheat bran can stimulate high enzymatic activity in fungi and bacteria [24][25][26]. While biochemical and physiological details of this mechanism are ambiguous, we hypothesize that the high amylase activity in J113 is triggered by natural micronutrients and fibrous contents yet-to-be defined in wheat bran.…”