Solid-Electrolyte Membrane Reactors: Current Experience and Future Outlook

Stoukides, Michael

doi:10.1081/cr-100100259

Cited by 139 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 280 publications

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“…Because of its unique electronic configuration ([Xe] 4f 2 6s 2 ), Ce has two common valence states-Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ -which give CeO 2 excellent chemical and physical properties: 1/4 O 2 , at most, can be released from each CeO 2 unit cell. 42 It serves as an active oxygen donor in many reactions, such as three-way catalytic reactions to eliminate toxic automobile exhaust, 43 the low-temperature watergas shift reaction, 44,45 oxygen sensors, [46][47][48] oxygen permeation membrane systems 49 and fuel cells. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Furthermore, the growth process of CeO 2 NPs is easily controlled such that they can maintain their small particle sizes and uniform morphologies, key features in the coating process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CeO2-encapsulated noble metal nanocatalysts: enhanced activity and stability for catalytic application

2015

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Encapsulation of small noble metal nanoparticles has received attention owing to the resulting highly increased stability and high catalytic activity and selectivity. Among the types of inert metal oxides, CeO 2 is unique. It is inexpensive and highly stable, and, more importantly, the unique electronic configuration gives it a strong capability to provide active oxygen. The method of fabricating CeO 2 -encapsulated noble metal nanocatalysts is determined by the requirements of the application. In this review, we first describe the various types of encapsulated noble metals and then the current developments of synthesis in detail, including the types of hybrid nanostructures and successful synthetic strategies. The following section, concerning catalytic applications, is divided into three topics: anti-sintering capabilities, catalytic activities and selectivities. We hope that this review of the recent achievements and the proposed strategy for addressing the emerging challenges will inspire further developments in this research area. NPG Asia Materials (2015) 7, e179; doi:10.1038/am.2015.27; published online 8 May 2015 INTRODUCTIONNoble metal catalysts have received much attention in the past decade because of their unique chemical and physical properties, and they have been widely applied in industrial use. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] With the help of noble metal catalysts, environmental friendly catalysis resulting in the decreased production of pollutants, waste minimization and new synthetic routes that circumvent modern synthetic techniques such as Sonogashira-, Heck-and Miyaura-Suzuki-type reactions can be easily realized. 11-15 However, for most technologically important chemical processes, noble metal catalysts spontaneously aggregate and grow to reduce the surface energy, which limits the catalysts' lifetime and efficiency. The ultra-high prices of noble metals have also seriously limited their further development. Because of the development of modern industry, there remains a critical need for robust, simple and readily controllable routes to fabricate highly active, stable and recyclable nanocatalysts.To maximize the catalytic performance of noble metals and reduce the quantity used, it is necessary to load the active centers on a substrate. [16][17][18][19][20] A suitable substrate not only provides a high surface area to stabilize small nanoparticles (NPs) under long-term catalysis but also renders hybrid junctions with rich redox reactions on the two-phase interface. With the development of synthetic techniques in nanoscience, small noble metal NPs, especially atomically precise nanoclusters/metal oxide hybrid nanostructures, have been successfully fabricated very recently, and these materials exhibit remarkable enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity. [21][22][23] However, this simple loading form cannot meet the growing demand for the stability, because the noble metal catalysts contain numerous exposed surfaces

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CeO2-encapsulated noble metal nanocatalysts: enhanced activity and stability for catalytic application

2015

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“…Comparatively, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have gained great importance in recent years due to their large axial ratio [11,12]. Presently, CNFs are extensively applied in many fields such as fuel cells, EDLCs, hydrogen energy and lithium-ion cells [13][14][15][16][17].On CeO 2 has received considerable attention due to its remarkable properties and wide applications in various fields such as oxygen permeation membrane systems [25,26], low-temperature water-gas shift reaction [27,28], oxygen sensors [29,30], glass-polishing materials [31,32], and fuel cells [33][34][35][36].In this paper, we demonstrate a methodology for the synthesis of Co/CeO 2 -doped CNFs, which are introduced as an electrode of electrochemical capacitors (EC). The proposed nanostructures were synthesized by the carbonization of an electrospun mat composed of cerium acetate, cobalt acetate, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in an argon atmosphere at 700°C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On CeO 2 has received considerable attention due to its remarkable properties and wide applications in various fields such as oxygen permeation membrane systems [25,26], low-temperature water-gas shift reaction [27,28], oxygen sensors [29,30], glass-polishing materials [31,32], and fuel cells [33][34][35][36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental study on synthesis of Co/CeO₂-doped carbon nanofibers and its performance in supercapacitors

Kim¹,

Ghouri²,

Khan³

et al. 2015

Carbon letters

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Because of avaricious global energy consumption, and serious environmental issues, the demand for clean energy technology has grown to a significant level, and the development of emerging effective energy devices and resources has become one of the most important topics in recent decades, and has attracted passionate research [1]. Among encouraging alternative sources of energy, supercapacitors are one of the promising electrochemical energy storage devices, with high power characteristics compared to batteries, high energy density compared to conventional capacitors, and long cycling times [2][3][4][5][6].Hence, supercapacitors have been practically used in various applications, and offer potential benefits in communications, consumer electronics, aviation, transportation and associated technologies [7][8][9]. It is well known that the performance of electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) typically depends on the high specific surface area and highly reversible redox reactions of the electrode materials [10]. Therefore, various carbonaceous materials, such as carbon nanotubes, activated carbons, carbon blacks, carbon aerogels and carbon fibers have been investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Comparatively, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have gained great importance in recent years due to their large axial ratio [11,12]. Presently, CNFs are extensively applied in many fields such as fuel cells, EDLCs, hydrogen energy and lithium-ion cells [13][14][15][16][17].On CeO 2 has received considerable attention due to its remarkable properties and wide applications in various fields such as oxygen permeation membrane systems [25,26], low-temperature water-gas shift reaction [27,28], oxygen sensors [29,30], glass-polishing materials [31,32], and fuel cells [33][34][35][36].In this paper, we demonstrate a methodology for the synthesis of Co/CeO 2 -doped CNFs, which are introduced as an electrode of electrochemical capacitors (EC). The proposed nanostructures were synthesized by the carbonization of an electrospun mat composed of cerium acetate, cobalt acetate, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in an argon atmosphere at 700°C.Cobalt (II) acetate tetrahydrate (CoAc, 98%; Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and cerium (III) acetate hydrate (CeAc, 99.9%; Aldrich) were used as the precursors for Co and CeO 2 while PVA with a molecular weight 65,000 g/mol (Aldrich) was used as the precursor for the carbon fiber.A mixture containing 75 wt% CoAc and 25 wt% CeAc was mixed with 15 g PVA aqueous solution (10 wt%). Finally the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h to obtain a transparent mixture. The obtained sol-gel was electrospun at a high voltage of 21 kV using a direct current (DC) power supply at room temperature. The produced mats were dried at room temperature for 10 h and then under vacuum overnight at 70°C and finally carbonized DOI: http://dx.doi.org/

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“…The two electrodes are deposited on the peripheral inside and outside walls of the solid electrolyte. Other possible geometries are described in (88).…”

Section: Electrochemical Promotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of such materials is part of the electrochemical activation in catalysis [e.g., (87)], where solid-electrolye membrane reactors have been reviewed recently (88). If solid electrolyte potentiometry is a means to characterise oxidic catalysts in-situ (89), oxygen-ion conducting solids can also be used to electrochemically pump oxygen to or from the electrode-catalyst.…”

Section: Electrochemical Promotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Reaction Engineering Concepts in Partial Oxidations on Oxidic Catalysts

Lintz

Reitzmann

2007

Catalysis Reviews

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Solid-Electrolyte Membrane Reactors: Current Experience and Future Outlook

Cited by 139 publications

References 280 publications

CeO2-encapsulated noble metal nanocatalysts: enhanced activity and stability for catalytic application

CeO2-encapsulated noble metal nanocatalysts: enhanced activity and stability for catalytic application

Experimental study on synthesis of Co/CeO₂-doped carbon nanofibers and its performance in supercapacitors

Alternative Reaction Engineering Concepts in Partial Oxidations on Oxidic Catalysts

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Solid-Electrolyte Membrane Reactors: Current Experience and Future Outlook

Cited by 139 publications

References 280 publications

CeO2-encapsulated noble metal nanocatalysts: enhanced activity and stability for catalytic application

CeO2-encapsulated noble metal nanocatalysts: enhanced activity and stability for catalytic application

Experimental study on synthesis of Co/CeO2-doped carbon nanofibers and its performance in supercapacitors

Alternative Reaction Engineering Concepts in Partial Oxidations on Oxidic Catalysts

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Experimental study on synthesis of Co/CeO₂-doped carbon nanofibers and its performance in supercapacitors