Solid catalyst treated with anion. 2. Reactions of butane and isobutane catalyzed by zirconium oxide treated with sulfate ion. Solid superacid catalyst

Hino, Makoto; Kobayashi, Sakari; Arata, Kazushi

doi:10.1021/ja00515a051

Cited by 485 publications

(221 citation statements)

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“…Sulfated metal oxides (SMOs) have received significant attention in the past as environmentally friendly alternatives for superacid catalyzed reactions, such as the skeletal isomerization of alkanes [114] and the production of biodiesel [115]. To this end, a variety of oxides have been sulfated, such as zirconia (ZrS, H 0 = -16), alumina (AlS, H 0 = -14.6), stannia (SnS, H 0 = -18), hematite (FeS, H 0 = -13), and titania (TiS, H 0 = -14.6), [116] typically by exposure to a sulfation reagent, the most common of which is sulfuric acid, and subsequent calcination.…”

Section: Sulfated Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Single-Site Organometallic Catalysts for the Synthesis of High-Performance Polyolefins

2014

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Single-site organometallic catalysts supported on solid inorganic or organic substrates are making an important contribution to heterogeneous catalysis. Early and late transition metal single-site catalysts have changed the polyolefin manufacturing industry and research with their ability to produce polymers with unique properties. Moreover, several of these catalysts have been commercialized on a large scale. Their heterogenization for slurry or gas phase olefin polymerization is important to produce polyolefin as beads and to avoid reactor fouling. The large majority of supports currently used in industry are inorganic materials (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgCl 2 ), with silica being the most important. Single-site supported catalysts are most commonly prepared by molecular-level anchoring/chemisorption, in which a molecular precursor undergoes reaction with the surface while maintaining most of the ligand sphere of the parent molecule. Chemisorption of discrete organometallic complexes on solid supports yields catalysts with well-defined active sites, greater thermal stability than the homogeneous analogues, and decreased reactor fouling versus the homogeneous analogues. This review presents a detailed account of the synthesis, characterization and polymerization properties of single-site catalysts supported on metal oxides and metal sulfated oxides, primarily carried out at Northwestern University.

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Section: Sulfated Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Single-Site Organometallic Catalysts for the Synthesis of High-Performance Polyolefins

2014

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“…In addition, n-pentane and n-hexane can also be isomerized into their isomers and directly acted as blending components of clean high-octane gasoline. The n-hexane isomerization process was commercialized; however, the used conventional bifunctional catalyst presented some shortcomings, such as small amount of high octane number components in the products and low catalytic activity at reaction temperature below 280 • C. Since sulfated zirconia (SZ) was found to possess super or strong acidity [1], it attracted much attention in acid-catalyzed field, especially in n-alkane isomerization reaction [2][3][4][5][6]. The isomerization activity of SZ or Pt-promoted SZ (PSZ) was greatly dependent on the preparation step or method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of calcination temperature and water-washing treatment on n-hexane hydroisomerization behavior of Pt-promoted sulfated zirconia based catalysts

Song

Tian

et al. 2013

Catalysis Today

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“…[1] Hino and Arata reported in 1979 and 1980 the isomerisation of nbutane at room temperature on sulfated zirconia. [2,3] Their work initiated a strong interest in the application of this type of material in acid catalysis, [4,5] and commercial use followed. [6] Sulfate is a key component, and numerous propositions of its structure on the zirconia surface have been published, the majority of which were developed with the design of strong Brønsted or Lewis acid sites in mind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low pressures and temperatures are applied as sulfated zirconia is known to be catalytically active even at room temperature. [2] Isobaric studies are performed to identify the various adsorption sites on the films and quantitatively describe how the isosteric adsorption heats of n-butane vary with coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption–desorption equilibrium investigations of n-butane on nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia thin films

Lloyd

Hansen

Ranke

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis A: General

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Nanocrystalline thin films of the alkane skeletal isomerisation catalyst sulfated zirconia were successfully deposited on a silicon substrate in order to allow the application of surface science techniques. Thermal treatment of the films was optimised to chemically mimic the powder preparation process, resulting in films possessing the essential features (including tetragonal phase, nanocrystallinity and sulfur content of ~3 atomic %) of active powder catalysts. The n-butane adsorption-desorption equilibrium under isobaric conditions (10 -8 to 10 -6 hPa) over the temperature range 300-100 K was monitored by photoelectron spectroscopy. Analysis of the isobars revealed strong and weak n-butane chemisorption sites, releasing heats of between 59-40 and 47-34 kJ/mol, corresponding to 5 and 25% of a monolayer coverage, respectively. The total amount of chemisorbed n-butane coincides with the estimated number of surface sulfate groups. An increase in adsorption heat was observed between coverages of ~5-8% of a monolayer, indicating adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. It follows that adjacent sites are present and isomerisation by a bimolecular surface reaction is feasible. Physisorption on the films generates heats of ~28 kJ/mol, for coverages from 30% up to a complete monolayer. Multilayer adsorption results in the formation of an electrically insulating adsorbate structure. It is proposed that the strong chemisorption sites correspond to an interaction with a minority disulfate species.

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Solid catalyst treated with anion. 2. Reactions of butane and isobutane catalyzed by zirconium oxide treated with sulfate ion. Solid superacid catalyst

Cited by 485 publications

References 0 publications

Supported Single-Site Organometallic Catalysts for the Synthesis of High-Performance Polyolefins

Supported Single-Site Organometallic Catalysts for the Synthesis of High-Performance Polyolefins

Effects of calcination temperature and water-washing treatment on n-hexane hydroisomerization behavior of Pt-promoted sulfated zirconia based catalysts

Adsorption–desorption equilibrium investigations of n-butane on nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia thin films

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