Solid base catalysis of calcium glyceroxide for a reaction to convert vegetable oil into its methyl esters

Kouzu, Masato; Hidaka, Jyu-suke; Wakabayashi, Kunihiko; Tsunomori, Michito

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2010.09.029

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Here and found that as reaction progresses, different phases were formed as reaction progressed, changing and so changes the leaching phenomena as the 20 solubility of these new species in the reaction medium was different. 52,58 In the case of acidic zeolites for fructose dehydration, some authors speculate that primary active species are small zeolite fragments or oligomers containing octahedral or extra-framework aluminum. Finally -and additional to the previous experiments -, a thorough analysis of the used catalyst is important for revealing leaching.…”

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confidence: 99%

Deactivation of solid catalysts in liquid media: the case of leaching of active sites in biomass conversion reactions

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confidence: 99%

Deactivation of solid catalysts in liquid media: the case of leaching of active sites in biomass conversion reactions

et al. 2015

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“…Kouzu et al (2010) and for sunflower oil by Laura et al (2013) are 0.4% and 0.7% respectively and these amounts are twice or thrice higher than the amount used in the present study. Therefore, due to the lower amount of calcium glyceroxide used in the present study, leaching of Ca 2+ ions from the catalyst and production cost of biodiesel would be lesser than their method.…”

Section: Effect Of Oil:methanol Ratio On the Yield Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…The reason given by them is that calcium diglyceroxide is adsorbed at the droplet interfaces between methanol and oil leading to the formation of fine dispersion of the two immiscible liquids. It has been reported by Kouzu et al (2008;) that when calcium diglyceroxide is used as the catalyst, the active catalyst is calcium alkoxide, which has formed during the refluxing of calcium diglyceroxide with methanol (Kouzu et al, 2010). The exact chemical formula of this alkoxide is not yet reported and the estimated formula is CH 3 O-Ca-O(OH) 2 C 3 H 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, out of the studied reaction periods 3 hr was selected and was used for all the other experiments. When calcium diglyceroxide has been used as the catalyst, the optimum reaction period reported for transesterifiction of soyabean oil (Kouzu et al, 2010) and for sunflower oil (Alba Rubio et al, 2012) are 3 hr and 5 hr respectively. This suggests that the present method is more efficient than the method reported by Alba Rubio et al (2012).…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Period On the Yield Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that when CaO is used as the catalyst for the transesterification of soyabean oil, the active catalyst is not CaO, but calcium diglyceroxide which has formed on the surface of CaO due to the reaction of CaO with the by-product glycerol (Granados et al, 2010;Kouzu et al, 2008;Laura et al, 2013). Therefore, the direct use of calcium diglyceroxide for transesterifiction of soyabean oil has been studied and a yield of 85% has been obtained in 4 hr of reaction period (Kouzu et al, 2010). The direct use of calcium diglyceroxide for the transesterifiction of sunflower oil has given 88% yield in 3 hr of reaction period (Laura et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Green Method to Produce Biodiesel From Palm Olein Oil

Pannilawithana¹

2017

JOPR

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A GREEN METHOD TO PRODUCE BIODIESEL FROM PALM OLEIN OIL INTRODUCTIONBiodiesel is considered as a greener alternative to petrodiesel. This is because it is renewable and biodegradable. Unlike petrodiesel, biodiesel emissions are not harmful to the environment. It consists of a mixture of monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids produced from the transesterification of triglycerides in vegetable oils, animal fats or waste cooking oil in the presence of alcohol as a catalyst. The by-product of the transesterification reaction is glycerol. In order to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel, the quality of biodiesel should comply with the recommended standards, while the cost of production should be less than or comparable with that of petrodiesel. In the transesterification process, methanol is normally used as the alcohol and either NaOH or KOH is used as the homogeneous base catalyst. There are certain challenges associated with this procedure; NaOH is a corrosive chemical which cannot be reused, a large volume of wastewater is released when separating NaOH from biodiesel, treatment of the effluent is expensive and procedure is time-consuming (Granados et al., 2010; Alba Rubio et al., 2012, Lee et al. 2015. A promising solution to mitigate such challenges is to develop and use a greener catalyst which can be easily recovered and make possible the use of minimum amounts of chemicals.Heterogeneous catalysts have been identified as a potential solution for problems associated with the homogeneous catalyst NaOH. This is because, separation of the solid catalyst is easier, generation Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 29 (2) June 2017 p. 267 -277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2017.2902

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Influence of the glycerin content in the preparation of calcium diglyceroxide from eggshell applied in the residual oil transesterification

2022

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Currently, biodiesel is pointed out worldwide as the main alternative in the complementation and substitution of petrochemical diesel. However, the current industrial route of synthesis of this biofuel depends on the cost of raw materials (which are also destined for food purposes) and the expense of the production process. Aiming to remedy this obstacle, the use of solid, sustainable, low-cost, efficient, and reusable catalysts in residual raw materials, such as waste cooking oils, has been highlighted as a promising alternative. This work focused on studying the influence of the glycerin content used in the preparation by wet impregnation of catalyst calcium diglyceroxide in the efficiency of transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was synthesized from CaO from chicken eggshell, raw glycerin co-product from biodiesel, and methanol. The transesterification reactions were performed using 120 g of frying residual oil, methanol: oil molar rate of 6:1, constant shaking, and reaction temperature of 63 ± 1 C for 180 min. The catalyst material synthesized with residual glycerin was active for four reactions (without reactivation of its sites) with high percentages of efficiency of 96.13, 96.85, 95.93, and 91.65, respectively. It was noted that the glycerol purity correlated with changes in the structural morphology of the final compound, as well as changes in the leaching rate, acidity index, water content, and ester content of the blends.

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Solid base catalysis of calcium glyceroxide for a reaction to convert vegetable oil into its methyl esters

Cited by 70 publications

References 22 publications

Deactivation of solid catalysts in liquid media: the case of leaching of active sites in biomass conversion reactions

Deactivation of solid catalysts in liquid media: the case of leaching of active sites in biomass conversion reactions

A Green Method to Produce Biodiesel From Palm Olein Oil

Influence of the glycerin content in the preparation of calcium diglyceroxide from eggshell applied in the residual oil transesterification

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