Solid–aqueous equilibrium in the BaSO4–RaSO4–H2O system: First-principles calculations and a thermodynamic assessment

NORM in the East Midlands' oil and gas producing region of the UK

“…The same trend has been found elsewhere (Ceccarello et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2014) and can be explained in terms of both crystallographic structure (Chang et al, 1995) and solubility trends in the alkaline earth series (Monnin, 1999;Zhu, 2004;Vinograd et al, 2013). The composition of formation waters is crucial, therefore, in determining the extent of sulphate precipitation and the radium activity of the scales produced.…”

“…The composition of formation waters is crucial, therefore, in determining the extent of sulphate precipitation and the radium activity of the scales produced. The kinetics of barite precipitation are faster than those of celestite and will always favour radium abstraction from solution (Zhang et al, 2014;Vinograd et al, 2013). Temperature also plays a role as the solubility of barite passes through a maximum at a somewhat higher temperature (~80 C) than celestite (Brown et al, 2015).…”

How well suited are current thermodynamic models to predict or interpret the composition of (Ba,Sr)SO4 solid-solutions in geothermal scalings?

“…Considering the experimental difficulties related to (Ba,Sr)SO 4 formation from aqueous solution, especially a renewed assessment of the interaction parameters based on atomistic simulations [e.g. using DFT (Vinograd et al 2013)] seems desirable.…”

Integrated Research as Key to the Development of a Sustainable Geothermal Energy Technology

“…Ther esults are in excellent agreement with ar ecent theoretical investigation into (Ba,Ra)SO 4 miscibility. [125] Thec orresponding relationship between the equilibriumc ompositions of the aqueous and solid solutionsi sd isplayed in the Lippmannd iagram in Figure 33.I ts hows an allyotropic pointa ta round X(RaSO 4 ) = 0.25.…”