Solid additives in organic solar cells: progress and perspectives

Ma, Yifan; Zhang, Yamin; Zhang, Hao‐Li

doi:10.1039/d1tc04224f

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…11 Besides the rational design of efficient organic photovoltaic materials, the systematic nanoscale morphology optimization of BHJ photoactive layers is also of critical importance for fabricating high-performance OSCs because light absorption and photoexcitation, exciton diffusion and dissociation, charge transportation, and collection are highly determined by the nanoscale morphology of the BHJ photoactive layers. [12][13][14] More often than not, reaching advantageous nanoscale morphology in BHJ solar cells desires examination and scanning several of these solution processing parameters: solvents, [15][16][17] solvent or solid additives, [18][19][20] thermal or solvent vapor annealing, 21 inserting an interlayer of bottom electrode, 22 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogenated thiophenes serve as solvent additives in mediating morphology and achieving efficient organic solar cells

Guo

Ren

et al. 2022

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogenated thiophenes serve as solvent additives in mediating morphology and achieving efficient organic solar cells

Guo

Ren

et al. 2022

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…The solution state is more sensitive to the environment; thus this method could not guarantee high reproducibility of device performance. , As we mentioned above, the boiling point of a solvent additive is usually high; thus part of the solvent additive remains in the active layer. The residual solvent additive would continuously promote the evolution of active layer morphology toward the thermodynamic steady state, which leads to deterioration of the active layer’s morphology and subsequently the device performance. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Solid Additives Used in Organic Solar Cells: Toward Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Liang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are considered to be the most promising generation of green energy technology due to their outstanding device performance and simple processing technology. The morphology of the active layer of OPVs is the key to its device performance and stability. So for, various strategies have been proposed to optimize the morphology, such as thermal annealing, solvent annealing, adding solvent additives and so on. However, the posting annealing is not compatible with large-area printing. In addition, solvent additives are easy to remain in active layer, which continuously deteriorate the morphology and performance of OPVs. Recently, the addition of solid additives has drawn significant attentions due to its unique characteristics, including improved device stability, precise morphology control as well as easy accessibility. Hence, it gradually becomes a universal and popular strategy for optimizing the morphology of OPVs with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the relationship between properties of solid additives and morphologies of active layers is still ambiguous, which inhibit the further development of solid additive and its application in new emerging OPVs systems. To this end, we summarized the recently reported solid additives according to their volatility, i.e., whether solid additives remain in final active layer or not. Furthermore, the different mechanisms that solid additives optimize the morphology of active layer are intensively discussed, including the free volume and diffusivity, intermolecular adsorption energy, interaction among donor and acceptor, and crystal nucleation and growth, which may give predictions for selecting proper solid additives in new emerging blends. Finally, the challenges and future development of solid additives in OPVs are briefly prospected.

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“…During the fabrication of OSC devices, the nanoscale blend domains can be controlled by different methods, such as thermal annealing (TA), [14][15][16] solvent annealing, [17][18][19] solvent additives, [20,21] and solid additives. [22][23][24][25][26][27] So far, the most used optimization process is adding solvent additives cooperating with TA. The solvent additives, however, have undesired disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics by Morphology Optimization of Active Layers Using Fluorene‐Based Solid Additives

et al. 2022

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) have drawn lots of attention because of their rapid development and great potential in large‐area flexible electronics. Recently, volatile solid additives have been widely used in optimizing morphologies of active layers and improving device performances for nonfullerene (NF)‐based OSCs. Most solid additives, however, still suffer severe problems such as unsuitable volatile temperatures and requirement of extra solvent additives. Herein, a new solid additive 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dimethylfluorene (DBDMF) with a high crystallinity and suitable volatile temperature as an additive for NF‐based OSCs is designed. DBDMF can suppress the overaggregation of the nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) and improve the material rearrangements after thermal annealing because of the good miscibility with the NFAs. As a result, DBDMF‐treated OSC devices display more favorable film morphologies and phase separation, well‐balanced charge mobilities, higher electron transfer rates, and better device stability. Consequently, the PM6:BTP‐BO‐4F binary system shows an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 17.2% from 15.3% with a simultaneous increase in the fill factor from 71.4 to 77.1%. Furthermore, DBDMF has been applied to other two active layers, manifesting the general applicability. This study demonstrates a feasible and promising approach to develop volatilizable solid additives for improving performance and stability of NF‐based OSCs.

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Solid additives in organic solar cells: progress and perspectives

Abstract: The rapid development of organic solar cells (OSCs) has drawn enormous attention during past few decades. Improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is the most important target in the research...

Cited by 58 publications

References 85 publications

Halogenated thiophenes serve as solvent additives in mediating morphology and achieving efficient organic solar cells

Halogenated thiophenes serve as solvent additives in mediating morphology and achieving efficient organic solar cells

Recent Advances of Solid Additives Used in Organic Solar Cells: Toward Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Achieving High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics by Morphology Optimization of Active Layers Using Fluorene‐Based Solid Additives

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