Solid acids: Green alternatives for acid catalysis

Gupta, Poonam; Paul, Satya

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2014.04.010

Cited by 294 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Due to a high density, mechanical strength, and porous nature with porous transport channels, activated carbon can be used as adsorbent and catalyst support for acid catalyzed reactions [16][17]. There are several heterogeneous catalysts, such as metal oxides, metal sulfide, zeolite sieves, heteropoly acids, ion exchange resins, and clay; but none of these mentioned catalysts has been found suitable for acid catalyzed reactions due to several facts, such as leaching, internal mass transfer limitation, and deactivation due to carbon deposition on sites [13,[18][19][20][21]. So, waste biomass-derived carbon catalysts are the best alternatives as they possess a large specific area, and a wide range of pore size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol

Jamil

Al-Muhtaseb

Naushad

et al. 2020

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

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The present study intended to adopt a facile method for preparing a sulphonated green carbon catalyst from date pits biomass. Catalyst synthesis involves in-situ carbonization and sulphonation and it has been characterized by following techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET. Surface and internal morphology results exhibited that the synthesized sulphonated carbon material possesses a mesoporous structure, while activated carbon possesses a microporous structure. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of acidic groups (-OH, -COOH, and -SO 3 H) in synthesized sulphonated carbon material. Sulphonated carbon material exhibited high acidity (4.7mmol/g) and good thermal stability. The application of this catalyst for the tertiary butylation of phenol without using any solvent has been investigated. The phenol alkylation reaction showed maximum conversion at reaction condition; temperature (140°C) with 2bar (nitrogen gas) pressure with maximum phenol conversion 79.27wt%, with 68.01% selectivity towards 4TBP+2,4TBP, which is used as an intermediate in antioxidants. The catalyst exhibits comparable catalytic performance up to five reaction cycles. Thus it can be concluded that waste date pits can be successfully employed for green catalyst synthesis and used for reactions involving large molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decades, an increased interest in biomass-derived carbon supported catalysts has been widely reported [12][13][14][15]. Due to a high density, mechanical strength, and porous nature with porous transport channels, activated carbon can be used as adsorbent and catalyst support for acid catalyzed reactions [16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol

Jamil

Al-Muhtaseb

Naushad

et al. 2020

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

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“…Some common problems, such as low acid site concentrations, hydrophilic character of catalyst surfaces, and active site leaching, have hampered their practical applications. High cost is another obstacle for the commercialization of the above acid catalysts 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based acid catalyst from waste seed shells: preparation and characterization

Wang

Liu

2015

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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A carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized seed shells of Jatropha curcas (J. curcas L.). The structure of amorphous carbon consisting of polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets attached a high density of acidic SO 3 H groups (2.0 mmol . g -1 ) was identifi ed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) . The performance of the solid acid catalyst was evaluated for biodiesel production in the esterifi cation of oleic acid with methanol. 95.7% yield of biodiesel was obtained after 2 h reaction and the conversions with reused catalyst varied in the range of 95.7% to 95.1%, showing better activity and stability than commercial catalyst amberlyst-46. It was also observed that the prepared catalyst showed enhanced activity in the transesterifi cation of triolein with methanol when compared with other solid acid catalysts. A synergistic effect results from the high density of SO 3 H groups and the good access of reactants to the acidic sites can be used to explain the excellent catalytic activity, as well as the strong affi nity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups bonded to the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings.

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“…Though it is impossible to restrict the presence of all humanmade chemicals in the environment, it is necessary to restrict the discharge of the most hazardous chemicals to limit their impact on the biosphere [3,4]. The estimation of the impact is of great urgency and needs to be addressed immediately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green chemistry and sustainable development: approaches to chemical footprint analysis

Tarasova

Макарова

Vinokurov

et al. 2017

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Abstract:The methods to monitor the distribution of chemicals in the biosphere and to estimate the impact of chemicals on the biosphere are necessary to reach Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper presents the examples of methods to measure the concentration of heavy metals (including rare earth elements) and to rank them by the level of hazard to human health on different scales. The megacity scale presents the investigation of the impact of heavy metals on the small water bodies using water contamination index (WCI); and the investigation of snow contamination to estimate the level of short-term seasonal emission of heavy metals and rare earth elements. The 2 nd part of the paper presents approaches to mitigate the exposure to mercury on the regional scale: the estimation of the current concentrations of mercury in atmospheric air, natural soils, and fresh waters using UNEP/SETAC USEtox model, as well as the estimations of the variations in the concentrations of mercury for the year 2045 in the federal districts of the Russian Federation, based on representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenario and Minamata Convention scenario.

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Solid acids: Green alternatives for acid catalysis

Cited by 294 publications

References 226 publications

Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol

Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol

Carbon-based acid catalyst from waste seed shells: preparation and characterization

Green chemistry and sustainable development: approaches to chemical footprint analysis

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