Solid Acid Catalyst Derived from Cotton for Conversion of Xylose and Corn Cob to Furfural

Abstract

Carbon‐based solid acid catalysts (CS−SO3H) were prepared by one‐pot carbonization‐sulfonation method with concentrated sulfuric acid using cotton as raw material, which was used to transformation of xylose and corn cob to furfural. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized to be that the cotton mass/sulfuric acid volume ratio is 1 : 20 (g/mL), and the reaction is carried out at 160 °C for 10 h. The morphology, functional groups and surface chemical state were investigated. The yield of furfural can reach 87.3 % from xylose under the optimal reaction condition of 0.1 g xylose, 0.05 g catalyst, 180 °C for 90 min in 5.0 mL γ‐valerolactone‐water solvent. The yield of furfural can reach 63.2 % by the direct one‐pot conversion of corn cob over the CS−SO3H under the optimal reaction condition of 0.1 g corn cob, 0.1 g catalyst, 190 °C for 90 min in 5.0 mL γ‐valerolactone‐water solvent. The catalytic activity gradually declined when it was cycled for four times. The reason was determined to be the partial shedding of the sulfonic acid groups grafted on the catalyst during the reaction and insoluble humus accumulated on the catalyst surface. After regeneration, the catalytic activity can be restored.

Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Sieve as a Solid Acid Catalyst for Transformation of Agricultural Residues to Furfural

“…zingiberensis residues can be hydrolyzed and dehydrated by the acid to form furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). As water is essential for the depolymerization process (the rupture of the hemicellulose β-1,4 glycosidic bond), the mixture solvent of GVL and H 2 O was employed as in our previous study. , Therefore, the KIT-6-Sn(20)-SO 3 H catalyst was used to catalyze these agricultural wastes to furfural by a one-step method in the mixture solvent (Table ). When corncob and corn stalk were used as raw materials, the furfural yields were 47.6 and 59.7%, respectively.…”

“…The spectra were processed using Casa XPS, and the spectral binding energy was calibrated with C 1s 284.8 eV. The contents of the total acid and −SO 3 H in the catalyst were obtained by the titration method as mentioned in the previous report …”

“…The contents of the total acid and −SO 3 H in the catalyst were obtained by the titration method as mentioned in the previous report. 15 2.4. Catalytic Performance.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Acid-Activated Carbon Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse for Furfural Production in Aqueous Media

“…In this scenario, the use of heterogeneous acid catalysts for the selective dehydration of xylose into FF has gained more and more attention due to their high catalytic activity, low corrosivity, good thermostability, and ease of recycling and separation of the reaction medium [23,24]. Different heterogeneous catalysts applied to FF production have been reported in the literature, including zeolites, sulfonic ion exchange resins, mesoporous silicas modified with sulfonic acid, metallic oxides, and mesoporous niobium phosphate [15,23,25,26], and, more recently, carbonaceous materials derived from LCB [26][27][28][29][30][31], such as sulfonated activated carbons [32][33][34][35][36], which have high surface area and porosity, low production cost, and ease of performing surface chemical modifications. However, the primary limitation in the utilization of these acidic solids lies in their susceptibility to deactivation in aqueous and/or biphasic systems.…”