Solar UV Radiation in the Tropics: Human Exposure at Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E) during Summer Outdoor Activities

Cadet, Jean-Maurice; Benchérif, Hassan; Cadet, Nicolas; Lamy, Kévin; Portafaix, Thierry; Belus, Matthias; Brogniez, Colette; Auriol, Frédérique; Metzger, Jean‐Marc; Wright, Caradee Y.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17218105

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Cumulated over the day, we found that the health risk thresholds were exceeded from 09:00 in the morning for phototype I skin and from 11:00 for phototype VI skin and, over the whole day, the maximum accumulation was 60 J·m −2 on Karthala and 50 J·m −2 at Moroni. These SED and cumulative SED values (over 50 SED) are close to those obtained in this region of the globe at similar latitudes by [ 13 ]. In the northern hemisphere, in Spain, cumulative SED values of over 60 SED were also reported by [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The same Solarmeter 6.5 instrument was successfully used in previous works and similar situations [ 10 , 12 ]. Furthermore, as reported by [ 13 ], the Solarmeter instrument was regularly calibrated during side-by-side intercomparison campaigns with the Bentham DTMc spectrophotometer and shows a small discrepancy, with an overestimation of about 12%. For each UVI measurement with the Solarmeter, environmental observations were also made.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The UVI in the southern Indian Ocean was found to be higher than 10 UVI units almost throughout the year [ 10 ]. Extreme UVI, as high as 15 to 20 UVI units, was also measured at various location in this region such as Antananarivo (Madagascar), Mahé (Seychelles), Plaine Corail (Rodrigues), and Saint–Denis (La Réunion) [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. This may imply dangerous consequences for the health of the local population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Lamy

Ranaivombola

Benchérif

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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As part of the UV-Indien project, a station for measuring ultraviolet radiation and the cloud fraction was installed in December 2019 in Moroni, the capital of the Comoros, situated on the west coast of the island of Ngazidja. A ground measurement campaign was also carried out on 12 January 2020 during the ascent of Mount Karthala, located in the center of the island of Ngazidja. In addition, satellite estimates (Ozone Monitoring Instrument and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and model outputs (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service and Tropospheric Ultraviolet Model) were combined for this same region. On the one hand, these different measurements and estimates make it possible to quantify, evaluate, and monitor the health risk linked to exposure to ultraviolet radiation in this region and, on the other, they help to understand how cloud cover influences the variability of UV-radiation on the ground. The measurements of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard the EOS-AURA satellite, being the longest timeseries of ultraviolet measurements available in this region, make it possible to quantify the meteorological conditions in Moroni and to show that more than 80% of the ultraviolet indices are classified as high, and that 60% of these are classified as extreme. The cloud cover measured in Moroni by an All Sky Camera was used to distinguish between the cases of UV index measurements taken under clear or cloudy sky conditions. The ground-based measurements thus made it possible to describe the variability of the diurnal cycle of the UV index and the influence of cloud cover on this parameter. They also permitted the satellite measurements and the results of the simulations to be validated. In clear sky conditions, a relative difference of between 6 and 11% was obtained between satellite or model estimates and ground measurements. The ultraviolet index measurement campaign on Mount Karthala showed maximum one-minute standard erythemal doses at 0.3 J·m−2 and very high daily cumulative erythemal doses, at more than 80 J·m−2. These very high levels are also observed throughout the year and all skin phototypes can exceed the daily erythemal dose threshold, at more than 20 J·m−2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Lamy

Ranaivombola

Benchérif

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Several other studies have focused on determining the UV exposure doses received during specific activities like cycling, jogging and hiking ( 16 , 17 , 29 – 34 ). They differ mainly in the selection of the participant collective, the measurement technology used, the duration of the measurement, and the selection of the activities studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Different Approaches in Ultraviolet Radiation Personal Dosimetry – Ball Sports and Visiting Parks

Heepenstrick

Strehl

Wittlich

2022

Front. Public Health

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Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) continues to be a decisive influencing factor for skin health. Besides acute damage (e.g. erythema), chronic light damage is of particular relevance. Skin cancer can develop on the basis of this light damage. Knowledge about irradiation is crucial for the choice of preventive measures, but has so far been incomplete in many occupational and leisure activities. Often a methodological problem in study design is the cause. Here we report on the clarification of two issues. First, further values are to be determined on the way to a comprehensive exposure register of leisure-related activities. Furthermore, it is to be determined to what extent the measurement setting can have an influence on the measurement campaigns. For long-term measurements, football referees were equipped with dosimeters over several months, selective measurements during visits to parks were carried out by on-site recruitment of test persons. It turned out that the choice of method also depends on the expected compliance of the test persons. Long-term measurements of specific activities such as playing football are particularly suitable for observing the course of UV exposure over the year and generating resilient mean values. Point measurements such as visits to parks can also do this if there are enough such events spread over the year. However, they are particularly suitable for such on-site campaigns, as they may be combined with awareness campaigns of the issue of skin cancer. They also allow many measurements to be taken at the same time in one place. Both playing football and visiting parks are associated with high levels of radiation, so specific prevention concepts need to be developed. We were able to determine that the sunburn dose for light skin types was reached or exceeded for both of the investigated activities.

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“…Solar Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) comprises a set of electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 100 and 400 nm that represents a small fraction (5%) of the solar radiation that reaches the terrestrial surface [1][2][3]. This spectrum of solar radiation has a direct effect on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and the degradation of materials [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Temporal Variability Analysis from 2-Year of Continuous Observation in an Amazonian City of Brazil

et al. 2022

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Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a highly energetic component of the solar spectrum that needs to be monitored because of the effects on human health and on the ecosystems. In Brazil, few cities monitor UVR, especially in the Amazon region which is particularly poor in observation. This work is the first to address the short-term (2-year) time variability of UVR in Santarém (2°25′ S, 54°44′ W, 51 m) using ground-based measurements. The irradiance in the wavelength range of 250–400 nm was investigated on different time scales. Furthermore, to understand how the UVR varies without the influence of clouds, the hours corresponding to the clear sky condition were analyzed as well as the hours in all sky conditions. Regarding the averages, there is a slight variation over the year. In all sky and clear sky conditions, the dry season had a higher average than the rainy season, despite the slight difference. Also, both in all-sky and clear-sky conditions the maximums occurred around local solar noon, and reached a maximum of 87 in the dry season under the clear sky condition. Further understanding of the radiative effects of the clouds in UVR time variability is considered essential for future research. This study can serve as a reference for UVR levels in this region where no other ground-based UVR measurements are made.

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Solar UV Radiation in the Tropics: Human Exposure at Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E) during Summer Outdoor Activities

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Probing Different Approaches in Ultraviolet Radiation Personal Dosimetry – Ball Sports and Visiting Parks

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Temporal Variability Analysis from 2-Year of Continuous Observation in an Amazonian City of Brazil

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