Solar Uv Irradiation and the Growth and Development of Higher Plants

Caldwell, Martyn M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-282606-1.50010-6

Cited by 994 publications

(777 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Studies have demonstrated the deleterious effects of UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation on photosynthesis, plant growth and development, yield and biomass production (Caldwell, 1971;Teramura 1983;Tevini and Teramura, 1989). These studies used elevated levels of UV-B either as a supplement to natural solar radiation or by artificial UV-B light sources (Caldwell, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Similarities in the biochemical changes between solar UV exclusion and GA application in Amaranthus caudatus

Sharma¹,

Guruprasad

2009

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Seedlings of Amaranthus caudatus grown under UV exclusion filters (-UV -B <320nm; -UV -B/A <400nm) in the ambient solar radiation showed an enhancement in growth. This was accompanied by reduction in the synthesis of betacyanin but enhancement in the level of amino acids and proteins. The growth promotion and the accompanying biochemical changes were similar to the external application of GA 3 to the seedlings under ambient solar radiation. The results are discussed in the light of similarities between UV exclusion and GA 3 application in terms of diversion of amino acid precursors towards enhanced primary metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies used elevated levels of UV-B either as a supplement to natural solar radiation or by artificial UV-B light sources (Caldwell, 1971). The small portion of UV-B present in the natural solar radiation has profound photo biological effects on the plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities in the biochemical changes between solar UV exclusion and GA application in Amaranthus caudatus

Sharma¹,

Guruprasad

2009

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…The correlation between u.v.-B penetration within leaves of 5. napus and the internal distribution of u.v.-screening pigments was visuahzed using 3-D graphics. Bjorn & Murphy (1985) and the generalized plant action spectrum to u.v.-B radiation by Caldwell (1971). To simulate natural conditions, the u.v.-B radiation was given for 4 h d""\ centred around solar noon (1000-1400).…”

Section: Introduction ^^ \mentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional representation of the relationship between penetration of u.v.‐B radiation and u.v.‐screening pigments in leaves of Brassica napus

1995

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SUMMARYA three-dimensional (3-D) representation of the penetration of u.v.-B (280-320 nm) radiation using fibre-optic microprobes, and of the spectrophotometric analysis of u.v.-screening pigments in leaves of Bras.ii.ca napus L. cv. Ceres is presented. In this way the results from radiation measurements were directly related to the distribution of u.v.-screening pigments. Brassica napus was grown in a greenhouse chamber with a photon flux density of 740 /imo\ m"^ s"^ photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) with or without the addition of u.v.-B radiation. The amount of u.v-B added was equi\-alent to 9 kj m"' d"' biologically effective u.v.-B. Growth parameters measured included leaf thickness and dry weight. Ultraviolet-B radiation stimulated the accumulation of increased amounts of screening pigments, located mostly beneath the adaxial surface of tbe leaf, l^eaf dry weight decreased by 15 "o in u.v.-treated plants and, on a dry weight basis, chlorophyll content increased by 19 "o in treated leaves. The chlorophyll profiles within leaves from both control and u.v.-treated plants showed an increase from the adaxial surface to a plateau in the middle of the leaf, at a leaf depth of c. 150-320/im. Relatively large amounts of 285 nm radiation penetrated into leaves of u.v.-B treated plants to sites located within the initial 40 //m of the leaf. Thus, despite the presence of additional screening pigments, u.v.-B radiation was capable of reaching potential targets within the epidermis and mesophyll.

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“…The spectral irradiance from the lamps was determined with a spectroradiometer (model 742, Optronics, Orlando, USA). The spectral irradiance was evaluated according to the generalized plant action spectrum (Caldwell, 1971) and normalized at 300 nm to obtain the effective radiation (UV-B BE ). The supplemental UV-B BE dose was 3.31 kJ m -2 d -1 (a 30% difference in ambient UV-B BE ) in addition to the effective 11.02 kJ m -2 d -1 UV-B BE (ambient UV-B BE ) from the sky.…”

Section: Growth and Photosynthesis Of Picea Asperata In Response To Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and photosynthetic responses of Picea asperata seedlings to enhanced ultraviolet-B and to nitrogen supply

Yao

Liu

Han

2008

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and nitrogen are expected to increase simultaneously with future changes in global climate. In this study, growth and photosynthetic responses of Picea asperata seedlings to enhanced UV-B and to nitrogen supply were studied. The experimental design included two levels of UV-B treatments (ambient UV-B, 11.02 kJ m -2 d -1 ; enhanced UV-B, 14.33 kJ m -2 d -1 ) and two nitrogen levels (0; 20 g N m -2 ) to determine whether nitrogen can alleviate the negative impacts of enhanced UV-B on seedling growth and photosynthesis. Enhanced UV-B significantly inhibited plant growth and impaired net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, the light-saturated assimilation rate, assimilation capacity, light compensation point, dark respiration rate, apparent quantum yield, photosynthetic pigments and maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis of P. asperata seedlings, whereas minimal fluorescence and intercellular CO 2 concentration increased by enhanced UV-B. On the other hand, nitrogen supply improved the photosynthetic performance and plant growth, but only under ambient UV-B. In fact, nitrogen supply could not alleviate the photosynthetic impairments in P. asperata seedlings exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation. Key words: growth, gas exchange, nitrogen, Picea asperata, photosynthesis, UV-B Crescimento e respostas fotossintéticas de plântulas de Picea asperata ao aumento da radiação ultravioleta-B e ao suprimento de nitrogênio. Presume-se que a radiação ultravioleta-B (UV-B) e nitrogênio aumentem simultaneamente com as mudanças climáticas globais futuras. Neste estudo, avaliaram-se o crescimento e respostas fotossintéticas de plântulas de Picea asperata ao aumento da radiação ultravioleta-B e ao suprimento de nitrogênio. Utilizaram-se dois tratamentos de UV-B (UV-B ambiente, 11.02 kJ m -2 d -1 ; e UV-B suplementar, 14.33 kJ m -2 d -1 ) e duas doses de N (0 e 20 g N m -2 ), a fim de se determinar se o suprimento de N poderia atenuar os impactos negativos do aumento da radiação UV-B sobre o crescimento e a fotossíntese. O aumento da radiação UV-B inibiu o crescimento e fez reduzir a taxa de fotossíntese líquida, a condutância estomática, a taxa transpiratória, a taxa de fotossíntese saturada à luz, a irradiância de compensação, a taxa de respiração escura, o rendimento quântico aparente, a concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos e o rendimento quântico potencial das plântulas de P. asperata, enquanto a fluorescência mínima e a concentração intercelular de CO 2 aumentaram com o aumento da radiação UV-B. Por outro lado, o suprimento de N afetou positivamente o desempenho fotossintético e o crescimento, porém apenas sob níveis ambientes de radiação UV-B. Com efeito, N não esteve associado à proteção da maquinaria fotossintética das plântulas de P. asperata expostas à radiação UV-B suplementar. Palavras-chave: crescimento, fotossíntese, nitrogênio, Picea asperata, radiação ultravioleta, trocas gasosas Abbreviations: A -net photosynthetic rate; A/C i -assimilate capacity; A max -lig...

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Solar Uv Irradiation and the Growth and Development of Higher Plants

Cited by 994 publications

References 76 publications

Similarities in the biochemical changes between solar UV exclusion and GA application in Amaranthus caudatus

Similarities in the biochemical changes between solar UV exclusion and GA application in Amaranthus caudatus

A three‐dimensional representation of the relationship between penetration of u.v.‐B radiation and u.v.‐screening pigments in leaves of Brassica napus

Growth and photosynthetic responses of Picea asperata seedlings to enhanced ultraviolet-B and to nitrogen supply

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